Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm
<i>Salmonella</i> Thompson, an important foodborne pathogen, is rarely found to be pathogenic to poultry. Accidentally, <i>S.</i> Thompson was found to be pathogenic to embryos of white feather broiler at a poultry farm in China. Therefore, this study aimed to explore antimic...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/7/349 |
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| author | Jingju Zhang Jing Liu Chen Chen Yufeng Wang Xiaojie Chen Xiubo Li Fei Xu |
| author_facet | Jingju Zhang Jing Liu Chen Chen Yufeng Wang Xiaojie Chen Xiubo Li Fei Xu |
| author_sort | Jingju Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson, an important foodborne pathogen, is rarely found to be pathogenic to poultry. Accidentally, <i>S.</i> Thompson was found to be pathogenic to embryos of white feather broiler at a poultry farm in China. Therefore, this study aimed to explore antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson isolated from dead poultry embryos. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA and seven housekeeping genes showed that the 14 clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson were closely related. The core-genome multilocus sequence typing of 14 clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson based on whole-genome sequencing was cgST-12774, consistent with the only two strains of <i>S</i>. Thompson from humans in China as reported in the NCBI database. The antimicrobial resistance gene analysis demonstrated that all strains carried <i>aac(6′)-Iaa</i> and the polymyxin resistance gene <i>mcr-9</i>. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests for 18 antibiotics showed that <i>S.</i> Thompson isolates displayed resistance against streptomycin (100%), ampicillin (35.7%), and doxycycline (14.3%), but sensitivity to polymyxin B, proving that the <i>mcr-9</i> gene had not appeared resistance phenotype. Virulence genes <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity island (SPI) SPI1-5, type I fimbriae gene (<i>fimA</i>), flagellar assembly genes (<i>bcfC</i>, <i>flhD</i>, <i>fliA</i>, <i>fliC</i>, <i>fljB</i>, <i>flgK</i>, and <i>lpfC</i>), and other virulence genes (<i>iroN</i>, <i>pagC</i>, and <i>cigR</i>) were found in each <i>S.</i> Thompson isolate. Additionally, the bacterial inoculation experiment with 1-day-old chicks revealed that clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson was highly pathogenic to newborn chicks after yolk sac inoculation. This study highlighted that the <i>S.</i> Thompson isolated from poultry embryos and the <i>S.</i> Thompson causing human foodborne diarrhea in some parts of China belong to the same cgMLST typology (cgST-12774) and showed the pathogenicity of this clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson to chicks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:53:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-edc9baf7c2e7404f9350018726c50c9e |
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| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-edc9baf7c2e7404f9350018726c50c9e2023-11-30T22:04:01ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812022-07-019734910.3390/vetsci9070349Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry FarmJingju Zhang0Jing Liu1Chen Chen2Yufeng Wang3Xiaojie Chen4Xiubo Li5Fei Xu6National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China<i>Salmonella</i> Thompson, an important foodborne pathogen, is rarely found to be pathogenic to poultry. Accidentally, <i>S.</i> Thompson was found to be pathogenic to embryos of white feather broiler at a poultry farm in China. Therefore, this study aimed to explore antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson isolated from dead poultry embryos. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA and seven housekeeping genes showed that the 14 clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson were closely related. The core-genome multilocus sequence typing of 14 clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson based on whole-genome sequencing was cgST-12774, consistent with the only two strains of <i>S</i>. Thompson from humans in China as reported in the NCBI database. The antimicrobial resistance gene analysis demonstrated that all strains carried <i>aac(6′)-Iaa</i> and the polymyxin resistance gene <i>mcr-9</i>. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests for 18 antibiotics showed that <i>S.</i> Thompson isolates displayed resistance against streptomycin (100%), ampicillin (35.7%), and doxycycline (14.3%), but sensitivity to polymyxin B, proving that the <i>mcr-9</i> gene had not appeared resistance phenotype. Virulence genes <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity island (SPI) SPI1-5, type I fimbriae gene (<i>fimA</i>), flagellar assembly genes (<i>bcfC</i>, <i>flhD</i>, <i>fliA</i>, <i>fliC</i>, <i>fljB</i>, <i>flgK</i>, and <i>lpfC</i>), and other virulence genes (<i>iroN</i>, <i>pagC</i>, and <i>cigR</i>) were found in each <i>S.</i> Thompson isolate. Additionally, the bacterial inoculation experiment with 1-day-old chicks revealed that clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson was highly pathogenic to newborn chicks after yolk sac inoculation. This study highlighted that the <i>S.</i> Thompson isolated from poultry embryos and the <i>S.</i> Thompson causing human foodborne diarrhea in some parts of China belong to the same cgMLST typology (cgST-12774) and showed the pathogenicity of this clinical <i>S.</i> Thompson to chicks.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/7/349<i>Salmonella</i> ThompsoncgMLST<i>mcr-9</i>antibiotic resistancechicks |
| spellingShingle | Jingju Zhang Jing Liu Chen Chen Yufeng Wang Xiaojie Chen Xiubo Li Fei Xu Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm Veterinary Sciences <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson cgMLST <i>mcr-9</i> antibiotic resistance chicks |
| title | Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm |
| title_full | Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm |
| title_fullStr | Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm |
| title_short | Resistance and Pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Isolated from Incubation End of a Poultry Farm |
| title_sort | resistance and pathogenicity of i salmonella i thompson isolated from incubation end of a poultry farm |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson cgMLST <i>mcr-9</i> antibiotic resistance chicks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/7/349 |
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