Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen
The natural environment is constantly under threat from man-made pollution. More and more pharmaceuticals are recognized as emerging pollutants due to their growing concentration in the environment. One such chemical is ibuprofen which has been detected in processed sewage. The ineffectiveness of wa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1328 |
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| author | Rafal Krakowiak Joanna Musial Robert Frankowski Marcin Spychala Jadwiga Mielcarek Bernadeta Dobosz Ryszard Krzyminiewski Marek Sikorski Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus Ewa Tykarska Ryszard Blazejewski Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak Beata J. Stanisz Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk Tomasz Goslinski |
| author_facet | Rafal Krakowiak Joanna Musial Robert Frankowski Marcin Spychala Jadwiga Mielcarek Bernadeta Dobosz Ryszard Krzyminiewski Marek Sikorski Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus Ewa Tykarska Ryszard Blazejewski Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak Beata J. Stanisz Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk Tomasz Goslinski |
| author_sort | Rafal Krakowiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The natural environment is constantly under threat from man-made pollution. More and more pharmaceuticals are recognized as emerging pollutants due to their growing concentration in the environment. One such chemical is ibuprofen which has been detected in processed sewage. The ineffectiveness of water methods treatment currently used raises the need for new remediation techniques, one of such is photodegradation of pollutants. In the present study, zinc(II) and copper(II) phthalocyanines were grafted onto pure anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (5 and 15 nm) to form photocatalysts for photodecomposition of ibuprofen in water. The nanoparticles were subjected to physicochemical characterization, including: thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and particle size measurements. In addition, they were assessed by means of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the free radical generation. The materials were also tested for their photocatalytic activity under either UV (365 nm) or visible light (665 nm) irradiation. After 6 h of irradiation, almost complete removal of ibuprofen under UV light was observed, as assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The reaction kinetics calculations revealed that the copper(II) phthalocyanine-containing nanoparticles were acting at a faster rate than those with zinc(II) derivative. The solutions after the photoremediation experiments were subjected to <i>Microtox</i><sup>®</sup> acute toxicity analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:50:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edc9e0aebb754575bfea2bcdc631e57a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:50:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-edc9e0aebb754575bfea2bcdc631e57a2023-11-20T21:02:29ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-11-011011132810.3390/catal10111328Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of IbuprofenRafal Krakowiak0Joanna Musial1Robert Frankowski2Marcin Spychala3Jadwiga Mielcarek4Bernadeta Dobosz5Ryszard Krzyminiewski6Marek Sikorski7Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus8Ewa Tykarska9Ryszard Blazejewski10Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak11Beata J. Stanisz12Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk13Tomasz Goslinski14Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandInstitute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94A, 60-649 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, PolandMedical Physics and Radiospectroscopy Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, PolandMedical Physics and Radiospectroscopy Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94A, 60-649 Poznań, PolandInstitute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, PolandThe natural environment is constantly under threat from man-made pollution. More and more pharmaceuticals are recognized as emerging pollutants due to their growing concentration in the environment. One such chemical is ibuprofen which has been detected in processed sewage. The ineffectiveness of water methods treatment currently used raises the need for new remediation techniques, one of such is photodegradation of pollutants. In the present study, zinc(II) and copper(II) phthalocyanines were grafted onto pure anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (5 and 15 nm) to form photocatalysts for photodecomposition of ibuprofen in water. The nanoparticles were subjected to physicochemical characterization, including: thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and particle size measurements. In addition, they were assessed by means of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the free radical generation. The materials were also tested for their photocatalytic activity under either UV (365 nm) or visible light (665 nm) irradiation. After 6 h of irradiation, almost complete removal of ibuprofen under UV light was observed, as assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The reaction kinetics calculations revealed that the copper(II) phthalocyanine-containing nanoparticles were acting at a faster rate than those with zinc(II) derivative. The solutions after the photoremediation experiments were subjected to <i>Microtox</i><sup>®</sup> acute toxicity analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1328ibuprofenmicrotoxphotoremediationphthalocyaninetitanium dioxide |
| spellingShingle | Rafal Krakowiak Joanna Musial Robert Frankowski Marcin Spychala Jadwiga Mielcarek Bernadeta Dobosz Ryszard Krzyminiewski Marek Sikorski Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus Ewa Tykarska Ryszard Blazejewski Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak Beata J. Stanisz Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk Tomasz Goslinski Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen Catalysts ibuprofen microtox photoremediation phthalocyanine titanium dioxide |
| title | Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen |
| title_full | Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen |
| title_fullStr | Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen |
| title_short | Phthalocyanine-Grafted Titania Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Ibuprofen |
| title_sort | phthalocyanine grafted titania nanoparticles for photodegradation of ibuprofen |
| topic | ibuprofen microtox photoremediation phthalocyanine titanium dioxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1328 |
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