Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4)
Fatty acids (FAs) are considered not only as a basic nutrient, but are also recognized as signaling molecules acting on various types of receptors. The receptors activated by FAs include the family of rhodopsin-like receptors: GPR40 (FFAR1), GPR41 (FFAR3), GPR43 (FFAR2), GPR120 (FFAR4), and several...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/5/467 |
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| author | Anna Kiepura Kamila Stachyra Rafał Olszanecki |
| author_facet | Anna Kiepura Kamila Stachyra Rafał Olszanecki |
| author_sort | Anna Kiepura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fatty acids (FAs) are considered not only as a basic nutrient, but are also recognized as signaling molecules acting on various types of receptors. The receptors activated by FAs include the family of rhodopsin-like receptors: GPR40 (FFAR1), GPR41 (FFAR3), GPR43 (FFAR2), GPR120 (FFAR4), and several other, less characterized G-protein coupled receptors (GPR84, GPR109A, GPR170, GPR31, GPR132, GPR119, and Olfr78). The ubiquitously distributed FFAR4 can be activated by saturated and unsaturated medium- and long-chain fatty acids (MCFAs and LCFAs), as well as by several synthetic agonists (e.g., TUG-891). The stimulation of FFAR4 using selective synthetic agonists proved to be promising strategy of reduction of inflammatory reactions in various tissues. In this paper, we summarize the evidence showing the mechanisms of the potential beneficial effects of FFAR4 stimulation in atherosclerosis. Based partly on our own results, we also suggest that an important mechanism of such activity may be the modulatory influence of FFAR4 on the phenotype of macrophage involved in atherogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:00:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edd754b6e27b4151b8729a69baec51b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:00:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-edd754b6e27b4151b8729a69baec51b92023-11-21T17:00:50ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-04-019546710.3390/biomedicines9050467Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4)Anna Kiepura0Kamila Stachyra1Rafał Olszanecki2Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, PolandChair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, PolandChair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, PolandFatty acids (FAs) are considered not only as a basic nutrient, but are also recognized as signaling molecules acting on various types of receptors. The receptors activated by FAs include the family of rhodopsin-like receptors: GPR40 (FFAR1), GPR41 (FFAR3), GPR43 (FFAR2), GPR120 (FFAR4), and several other, less characterized G-protein coupled receptors (GPR84, GPR109A, GPR170, GPR31, GPR132, GPR119, and Olfr78). The ubiquitously distributed FFAR4 can be activated by saturated and unsaturated medium- and long-chain fatty acids (MCFAs and LCFAs), as well as by several synthetic agonists (e.g., TUG-891). The stimulation of FFAR4 using selective synthetic agonists proved to be promising strategy of reduction of inflammatory reactions in various tissues. In this paper, we summarize the evidence showing the mechanisms of the potential beneficial effects of FFAR4 stimulation in atherosclerosis. Based partly on our own results, we also suggest that an important mechanism of such activity may be the modulatory influence of FFAR4 on the phenotype of macrophage involved in atherogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/5/467free fatty acid receptorsFFAR4inflammationatherosclerosisliver steatosisapoE-knockout mice |
| spellingShingle | Anna Kiepura Kamila Stachyra Rafał Olszanecki Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4) Biomedicines free fatty acid receptors FFAR4 inflammation atherosclerosis liver steatosis apoE-knockout mice |
| title | Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4) |
| title_full | Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4) |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4) |
| title_short | Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4) |
| title_sort | anti atherosclerotic potential of free fatty acid receptor 4 ffar4 |
| topic | free fatty acid receptors FFAR4 inflammation atherosclerosis liver steatosis apoE-knockout mice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/5/467 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annakiepura antiatheroscleroticpotentialoffreefattyacidreceptor4ffar4 AT kamilastachyra antiatheroscleroticpotentialoffreefattyacidreceptor4ffar4 AT rafałolszanecki antiatheroscleroticpotentialoffreefattyacidreceptor4ffar4 |