Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column
A continuous-flow system based on a green and cost-effective monolithic starch cryogel column was successfully developed for removing methylene blue (MB). The proposed column exhibited high removal efficiency (up to 99.9%) and adsorption capacity (25.4 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>) for synthetic an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/19/3989 |
| _version_ | 1797575344742465536 |
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| author | Tarawee Taweekarn Worawit Wongniramaikul Wilasinee Sriprom Wadcharawadee Limsakul Aree Choodum |
| author_facet | Tarawee Taweekarn Worawit Wongniramaikul Wilasinee Sriprom Wadcharawadee Limsakul Aree Choodum |
| author_sort | Tarawee Taweekarn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A continuous-flow system based on a green and cost-effective monolithic starch cryogel column was successfully developed for removing methylene blue (MB). The proposed column exhibited high removal efficiency (up to 99.9%) and adsorption capacity (25.4 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>) for synthetic and real samples with an adsorbent cost of USD 0.02. The influence of various operation parameters, including the flow rate, initial concentration, column height, and temperature, on the MB removal efficiency was examined and reported. The MB removal efficiency remained >99% in the presence of potential interferences, highlighting the good performance of the cryogel column. The Yoon–Nelson dynamic model explained the MB adsorption better than the Bohart–Adams model, as indicated by the higher R<sup>2</sup> values (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9890–0.9999) exhibited by the former and current trends of its parameters. The MB removal efficiency of the cryogel column remained at 62.7% after three reuse cycles. The wastewater containing MB collected from a local batik-production community enterprise in Phuket, Thailand was applied to the proposed continuous-flow system under optimum conditions, and results indicated that 99.7% of the MB present in 2.4 L of wastewater was removed. These results validate the excellent application potential of the cryogel column for the continuous-flow adsorption of MB. This study will facilitate future industrial applications and process designs of the continuous-flow system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:37:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edd9c75ec718479aaf7be9ba667f1208 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:37:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-edd9c75ec718479aaf7be9ba667f12082023-11-19T14:57:19ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-10-011519398910.3390/polym15193989Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod ColumnTarawee Taweekarn0Worawit Wongniramaikul1Wilasinee Sriprom2Wadcharawadee Limsakul3Aree Choodum4Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, ThailandIntegrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, ThailandIntegrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, ThailandIntegrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, ThailandIntegrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, ThailandA continuous-flow system based on a green and cost-effective monolithic starch cryogel column was successfully developed for removing methylene blue (MB). The proposed column exhibited high removal efficiency (up to 99.9%) and adsorption capacity (25.4 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>) for synthetic and real samples with an adsorbent cost of USD 0.02. The influence of various operation parameters, including the flow rate, initial concentration, column height, and temperature, on the MB removal efficiency was examined and reported. The MB removal efficiency remained >99% in the presence of potential interferences, highlighting the good performance of the cryogel column. The Yoon–Nelson dynamic model explained the MB adsorption better than the Bohart–Adams model, as indicated by the higher R<sup>2</sup> values (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9890–0.9999) exhibited by the former and current trends of its parameters. The MB removal efficiency of the cryogel column remained at 62.7% after three reuse cycles. The wastewater containing MB collected from a local batik-production community enterprise in Phuket, Thailand was applied to the proposed continuous-flow system under optimum conditions, and results indicated that 99.7% of the MB present in 2.4 L of wastewater was removed. These results validate the excellent application potential of the cryogel column for the continuous-flow adsorption of MB. This study will facilitate future industrial applications and process designs of the continuous-flow system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/19/3989methylene bluemonolithic columnstarch cryogelcontinuous-flow adsorptionwater treatmentadsorption |
| spellingShingle | Tarawee Taweekarn Worawit Wongniramaikul Wilasinee Sriprom Wadcharawadee Limsakul Aree Choodum Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column Polymers methylene blue monolithic column starch cryogel continuous-flow adsorption water treatment adsorption |
| title | Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column |
| title_full | Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column |
| title_fullStr | Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column |
| title_full_unstemmed | Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column |
| title_short | Continuous-Flow System for Methylene Blue Removal Using a Green and Cost-Effective Starch Single-Rod Column |
| title_sort | continuous flow system for methylene blue removal using a green and cost effective starch single rod column |
| topic | methylene blue monolithic column starch cryogel continuous-flow adsorption water treatment adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/19/3989 |
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