<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation
Antimicrobial in vitro and in situ efficacies of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> essential oil (lemongrass, LGEO) against 17 spoilage microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) were evaluated. Additionally, its chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibiofilm activities were investigate...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/155 |
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| author | Veronika Valková Hana Ďúranová Lucia Galovičová Petra Borotová Nenad L. Vukovic Milena Vukic Miroslava Kačániová |
| author_facet | Veronika Valková Hana Ďúranová Lucia Galovičová Petra Borotová Nenad L. Vukovic Milena Vukic Miroslava Kačániová |
| author_sort | Veronika Valková |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial in vitro and in situ efficacies of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> essential oil (lemongrass, LGEO) against 17 spoilage microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) were evaluated. Additionally, its chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibiofilm activities were investigated. The LGEO exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (84.0 ± 0.1%), and its main constituents were citral (61.5%), geraniol (6.6%) and 1,8-cineole (6.4%). An in vitro antimicrobial evaluation revealed the lowest inhibition zone (1.00 ± 0.00 mm) in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, and the highest inhibition zone (18.00 ± 2.46 mm) in <i>Candida krusei</i>. The values for the minimal inhibitory concentration were determined to be the lowest for <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> and the highest for <i>C. albicans</i>. Furthermore, the concentration of ≥250 µL/L of LGEO suppressed the growth of <i>Penicillium aurantiogriseum</i>, <i>Penicillium expansum</i>, <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> and <i>Penicillium italicum</i>. The changes in the molecular structure of the biofilms produced by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>, after their treatment with LGEO, confirmed its action on both biofilm-forming bacteria. Moreover, an in situ antimicrobial activity evaluation displayed the most effective inhibitory effectiveness of LGEO against <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (250 µL/L) and <i>Penicillium expansum</i> (125, 250 and 500 µL/L) growing on a carrot. Our results suggest that LGEO, as a promising natural antimicrobial agent, can be applied in the innovative packaging of bakery products and different types of vegetables, which combines commonly used packing materials with the addition of LGEO. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:06:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ede3f77bebb34d7d85807976cdb3a405 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:06:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ede3f77bebb34d7d85807976cdb3a4052023-11-23T12:39:10ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-01-0112115510.3390/agronomy12010155<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food PreservationVeronika Valková0Hana Ďúranová1Lucia Galovičová2Petra Borotová3Nenad L. Vukovic4Milena Vukic5Miroslava Kačániová6AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaAgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaAgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaAntimicrobial in vitro and in situ efficacies of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> essential oil (lemongrass, LGEO) against 17 spoilage microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) were evaluated. Additionally, its chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibiofilm activities were investigated. The LGEO exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (84.0 ± 0.1%), and its main constituents were citral (61.5%), geraniol (6.6%) and 1,8-cineole (6.4%). An in vitro antimicrobial evaluation revealed the lowest inhibition zone (1.00 ± 0.00 mm) in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, and the highest inhibition zone (18.00 ± 2.46 mm) in <i>Candida krusei</i>. The values for the minimal inhibitory concentration were determined to be the lowest for <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> and the highest for <i>C. albicans</i>. Furthermore, the concentration of ≥250 µL/L of LGEO suppressed the growth of <i>Penicillium aurantiogriseum</i>, <i>Penicillium expansum</i>, <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> and <i>Penicillium italicum</i>. The changes in the molecular structure of the biofilms produced by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>, after their treatment with LGEO, confirmed its action on both biofilm-forming bacteria. Moreover, an in situ antimicrobial activity evaluation displayed the most effective inhibitory effectiveness of LGEO against <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (250 µL/L) and <i>Penicillium expansum</i> (125, 250 and 500 µL/L) growing on a carrot. Our results suggest that LGEO, as a promising natural antimicrobial agent, can be applied in the innovative packaging of bakery products and different types of vegetables, which combines commonly used packing materials with the addition of LGEO.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/155lemongrass essential oilchemical compositionDPPH assaydisc diffusion methodminimal inhibitory concentrationantimicrobial activity |
| spellingShingle | Veronika Valková Hana Ďúranová Lucia Galovičová Petra Borotová Nenad L. Vukovic Milena Vukic Miroslava Kačániová <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation Agronomy lemongrass essential oil chemical composition DPPH assay disc diffusion method minimal inhibitory concentration antimicrobial activity |
| title | <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation |
| title_full | <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation |
| title_fullStr | <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation |
| title_short | <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation |
| title_sort | i cymbopogon citratus i essential oil its application as an antimicrobial agent in food preservation |
| topic | lemongrass essential oil chemical composition DPPH assay disc diffusion method minimal inhibitory concentration antimicrobial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/155 |
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