Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant
An anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was applied to remove Cd ions as contaminants on the sand surface. The remediation operation approach was used, such as batch, flushing column without foam, and with foam of SDS solution. Increasing the SDS concentration is possible to improve the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918523000227 |
| _version_ | 1797862215462682624 |
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| author | Bode Haryanto Rondang Tambun MZ Siswarni Vikram Alexander Tubagus RF Sinuhaji |
| author_facet | Bode Haryanto Rondang Tambun MZ Siswarni Vikram Alexander Tubagus RF Sinuhaji |
| author_sort | Bode Haryanto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was applied to remove Cd ions as contaminants on the sand surface. The remediation operation approach was used, such as batch, flushing column without foam, and with foam of SDS solution. Increasing the SDS concentration is possible to improve the removal ability of Cd ions from the sand surface. For batch, the operation performs the higher removal ability by increasing the shaking rotation per minute (rpm). Fluctuation of the percentage removal efficiency (% RE) was shown by using a flushing column without foam at each flow rate variation. The channeling effect during flushing in the column was proved to be the cause of fluctuation in the removal efficiency. Flushing with foam is possible to increase the removal efficiency from 10% by batch and flushing without foam to about 70% with foam. The increasing flow rate of surfactant SDS solution is possible to increase the removal efficiency and flow to the intra-particle area of sand and then decrease the channeling effect. Flushing in column approach with foam by anionic surfactant SDS shows the higher ability and more efficiency in the removal of Cd ions on the sand surface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:16:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edfa4d0e74d54a8bbb806e07fc652eef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1026-9185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:16:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-edfa4d0e74d54a8bbb806e07fc652eef2023-03-23T04:33:41ZengElsevierSouth African Journal of Chemical Engineering1026-91852023-04-0144329335Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactantBode Haryanto0Rondang Tambun1MZ Siswarni2Vikram Alexander3Tubagus RF Sinuhaji4Corresponding author.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaAn anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was applied to remove Cd ions as contaminants on the sand surface. The remediation operation approach was used, such as batch, flushing column without foam, and with foam of SDS solution. Increasing the SDS concentration is possible to improve the removal ability of Cd ions from the sand surface. For batch, the operation performs the higher removal ability by increasing the shaking rotation per minute (rpm). Fluctuation of the percentage removal efficiency (% RE) was shown by using a flushing column without foam at each flow rate variation. The channeling effect during flushing in the column was proved to be the cause of fluctuation in the removal efficiency. Flushing with foam is possible to increase the removal efficiency from 10% by batch and flushing without foam to about 70% with foam. The increasing flow rate of surfactant SDS solution is possible to increase the removal efficiency and flow to the intra-particle area of sand and then decrease the channeling effect. Flushing in column approach with foam by anionic surfactant SDS shows the higher ability and more efficiency in the removal of Cd ions on the sand surface.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918523000227RemediationRemoval efficiencyBatchFlushingSDS |
| spellingShingle | Bode Haryanto Rondang Tambun MZ Siswarni Vikram Alexander Tubagus RF Sinuhaji Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Remediation Removal efficiency Batch Flushing SDS |
| title | Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant |
| title_full | Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant |
| title_fullStr | Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant |
| title_short | Remediation of contaminated sand by Cd ions with variation operation: Batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of SDS surfactant |
| title_sort | remediation of contaminated sand by cd ions with variation operation batch and flushing column with foam and without foam of sds surfactant |
| topic | Remediation Removal efficiency Batch Flushing SDS |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918523000227 |
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