Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
Photosynthetic organisms, such as higher plants and algae, require light to survive. However, an excessive amount of light can be harmful due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cell damage and, if it is not effectively regulated, cell death. The study of plants’ response...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8374 |
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| author | Nittaya Suwannachuen Kantinan Leetanasaksakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Narumon Phaonakrop Siriwan Thaisakun Peerapat Roongsattham Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat Nuttha Sanevas Anchalee Sirikhachornkit |
| author_facet | Nittaya Suwannachuen Kantinan Leetanasaksakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Narumon Phaonakrop Siriwan Thaisakun Peerapat Roongsattham Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat Nuttha Sanevas Anchalee Sirikhachornkit |
| author_sort | Nittaya Suwannachuen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photosynthetic organisms, such as higher plants and algae, require light to survive. However, an excessive amount of light can be harmful due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cell damage and, if it is not effectively regulated, cell death. The study of plants’ responses to light can aid in the development of methods to improve plants’ growth and productivity. Due to the multicellular nature of plants, there may be variations in the results based on plant age and tissue type. <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, a unicellular green alga, has also been used as a model organism to study photosynthesis and photoprotection. Nonetheless, the majority of the research has been conducted with strains that have been consistently utilized in laboratories and originated from the same source. Despite the availability of many field isolates of this species, very few studies have compared the light responses of field isolates. This study examined the responses of two field isolates of <i>Chlamydomonas</i> to high light stress. The light-tolerant strain, CC-4414, managed reactive oxygen species (ROS) slightly better than the sensitive strain, CC-2344, did. The proteomic data of cells subjected to high light revealed cellular modifications of the light-tolerant strain toward membrane proteins. The morphology of cells under light stress revealed that this strain utilized the formation of palmelloid structures and cell aggregation to shield cells from excessive light. As indicated by proteome data, morphological modifications occur simultaneously with the increase in protein degradation and autophagy. By protecting cells from stress, cells are able to continue to upregulate ROS management mechanisms and prevent cell death. This is the first report of palmelloid formation in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> under high light stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:16:40Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:16:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee0dfc30d3ca44b3a77bb6a4d7f9ffa52023-11-17T23:08:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-01249837410.3390/ijms24098374Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>Nittaya Suwannachuen0Kantinan Leetanasaksakul1Sittiruk Roytrakul2Narumon Phaonakrop3Siriwan Thaisakun4Peerapat Roongsattham5Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat6Nuttha Sanevas7Anchalee Sirikhachornkit8Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandFunctional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandFunctional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandFunctional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandFunctional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandPhotosynthetic organisms, such as higher plants and algae, require light to survive. However, an excessive amount of light can be harmful due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cell damage and, if it is not effectively regulated, cell death. The study of plants’ responses to light can aid in the development of methods to improve plants’ growth and productivity. Due to the multicellular nature of plants, there may be variations in the results based on plant age and tissue type. <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, a unicellular green alga, has also been used as a model organism to study photosynthesis and photoprotection. Nonetheless, the majority of the research has been conducted with strains that have been consistently utilized in laboratories and originated from the same source. Despite the availability of many field isolates of this species, very few studies have compared the light responses of field isolates. This study examined the responses of two field isolates of <i>Chlamydomonas</i> to high light stress. The light-tolerant strain, CC-4414, managed reactive oxygen species (ROS) slightly better than the sensitive strain, CC-2344, did. The proteomic data of cells subjected to high light revealed cellular modifications of the light-tolerant strain toward membrane proteins. The morphology of cells under light stress revealed that this strain utilized the formation of palmelloid structures and cell aggregation to shield cells from excessive light. As indicated by proteome data, morphological modifications occur simultaneously with the increase in protein degradation and autophagy. By protecting cells from stress, cells are able to continue to upregulate ROS management mechanisms and prevent cell death. This is the first report of palmelloid formation in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> under high light stress.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8374<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>natural variationhigh lightpalmelloidaggregationprotein |
| spellingShingle | Nittaya Suwannachuen Kantinan Leetanasaksakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Narumon Phaonakrop Siriwan Thaisakun Peerapat Roongsattham Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat Nuttha Sanevas Anchalee Sirikhachornkit Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> natural variation high light palmelloid aggregation protein |
| title | Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_full | Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_short | Palmelloid Formation and Cell Aggregation Are Essential Mechanisms for High Light Tolerance in a Natural Strain of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_sort | palmelloid formation and cell aggregation are essential mechanisms for high light tolerance in a natural strain of i chlamydomonas reinhardtii i |
| topic | <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> natural variation high light palmelloid aggregation protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8374 |
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