Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of &...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/10/468 |
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| author | Giovanna Fernandes dos Santos Fernando Antônio Moreira Petri Gabriele Polia Pires Ana Karolina Panneitz Eduarda Ribeiro Braga Clarisse Sena Malcher Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel João Humberto Teotônio de Castro Luís Antônio Mathias Luís Guilherme de Oliveira |
| author_facet | Giovanna Fernandes dos Santos Fernando Antônio Moreira Petri Gabriele Polia Pires Ana Karolina Panneitz Eduarda Ribeiro Braga Clarisse Sena Malcher Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel João Humberto Teotônio de Castro Luís Antônio Mathias Luís Guilherme de Oliveira |
| author_sort | Giovanna Fernandes dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different <i>Leptospira</i> spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for <i>Leptospira</i> spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for <i>Leptospira</i> spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:50:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee279ec8bd2c48ad97e8e3517f239ac7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:50:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee279ec8bd2c48ad97e8e3517f239ac72023-11-19T18:23:04ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662023-10-0181046810.3390/tropicalmed8100468Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, BrazilGiovanna Fernandes dos Santos0Fernando Antônio Moreira Petri1Gabriele Polia Pires2Ana Karolina Panneitz3Eduarda Ribeiro Braga4Clarisse Sena Malcher5Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel6João Humberto Teotônio de Castro7Luís Antônio Mathias8Luís Guilherme de Oliveira9School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilParaná Agribusiness Defense Agency (ADAPAR), Curitiba 80035-050, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different <i>Leptospira</i> spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for <i>Leptospira</i> spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for <i>Leptospira</i> spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/10/468leptospirosisMATrural areaszoonosis |
| spellingShingle | Giovanna Fernandes dos Santos Fernando Antônio Moreira Petri Gabriele Polia Pires Ana Karolina Panneitz Eduarda Ribeiro Braga Clarisse Sena Malcher Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel João Humberto Teotônio de Castro Luís Antônio Mathias Luís Guilherme de Oliveira Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease leptospirosis MAT rural areas zoonosis |
| title | Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil |
| title_full | Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil |
| title_short | Prevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors of i leptospira i spp infection in backyard pigs in the state of parana brazil |
| topic | leptospirosis MAT rural areas zoonosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/10/468 |
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