What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin?
Astaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FUC) are natural xanthophylls, having multidirectional activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Both compounds also show antimicrobial activity, which is presented in this review article. There are few papers that have presented the antim...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/1/36 |
| _version_ | 1797492595722551296 |
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| author | Tomasz M. Karpiński Marcin Ożarowski Rahat Alam Małgorzata Łochyńska Mark Stasiewicz |
| author_facet | Tomasz M. Karpiński Marcin Ożarowski Rahat Alam Małgorzata Łochyńska Mark Stasiewicz |
| author_sort | Tomasz M. Karpiński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Astaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FUC) are natural xanthophylls, having multidirectional activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Both compounds also show antimicrobial activity, which is presented in this review article. There are few papers that have presented the antimicrobial activity of AST. Obtained antimicrobial concentrations of AST (200–4000 µg/mL) are much higher than recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for consumption (2 mg daily). Therefore, we suggest that AST is unlikely to be of use in the clinical treatment of infections. Our knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of FUC is better and this compound acts against many bacteria already in low concentrations 10–250 µg/mL. Toxicological studies on animals present the safety of FUC application in doses 200 mg/kg body weight and higher. Taking available research into consideration, a clinical application of FUC as the antimicrobial substance is real and can be successful. However, this aspect requires further investigation. In this review, we also present potential mechanisms of antibacterial activity of carotenoids, to which AST and FUC belong. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:05:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee2ad0b00fe04a9da6f9de5ea7ef07a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:05:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee2ad0b00fe04a9da6f9de5ea7ef07a82023-11-23T14:27:47ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972021-12-012013610.3390/md20010036What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin?Tomasz M. Karpiński0Marcin Ożarowski1Rahat Alam2Małgorzata Łochyńska3Mark Stasiewicz4Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, PolandResearch Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, PolandAstaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FUC) are natural xanthophylls, having multidirectional activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Both compounds also show antimicrobial activity, which is presented in this review article. There are few papers that have presented the antimicrobial activity of AST. Obtained antimicrobial concentrations of AST (200–4000 µg/mL) are much higher than recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for consumption (2 mg daily). Therefore, we suggest that AST is unlikely to be of use in the clinical treatment of infections. Our knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of FUC is better and this compound acts against many bacteria already in low concentrations 10–250 µg/mL. Toxicological studies on animals present the safety of FUC application in doses 200 mg/kg body weight and higher. Taking available research into consideration, a clinical application of FUC as the antimicrobial substance is real and can be successful. However, this aspect requires further investigation. In this review, we also present potential mechanisms of antibacterial activity of carotenoids, to which AST and FUC belong.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/1/36mechanisms of actionefflux pumpbiofilm inhibitiontoxicitysafetycarcinogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz M. Karpiński Marcin Ożarowski Rahat Alam Małgorzata Łochyńska Mark Stasiewicz What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? Marine Drugs mechanisms of action efflux pump biofilm inhibition toxicity safety carcinogenicity |
| title | What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? |
| title_full | What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? |
| title_fullStr | What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? |
| title_short | What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? |
| title_sort | what do we know about antimicrobial activity of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin |
| topic | mechanisms of action efflux pump biofilm inhibition toxicity safety carcinogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/1/36 |
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