Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19
Background: A spectrum of cardiovascular pathologies occurs in patients with COVID-19 and increases the risk of mortality. Risk of mortality is also heightened in cardiovascular disease patients who contact COVID-19. Methodology: Online search for the keywords in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google sch...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nigerian Medical Association, Akwa Ibom State Branch
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Ibom Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/view/40 |
| _version_ | 1797271914361651200 |
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| author | Ekpe EE Umoh IA Shogade TT Eyo CS Akpan AF |
| author_facet | Ekpe EE Umoh IA Shogade TT Eyo CS Akpan AF |
| author_sort | Ekpe EE |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Background: A spectrum of cardiovascular pathologies occurs in patients with COVID-19 and increases the risk of mortality. Risk of mortality is also heightened in cardiovascular disease patients who contact COVID-19.
Methodology: Online search for the keywords in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google scholar was done. Relevant research articles yielded from the searches were reviewed.
Results: the searches yielded a total of 172 results, out of which 111 were reviewed. Cardiac involvement was found in 70.6% COVID-19 patients: tachycardia (19%), electrocardiography abnormalities (22%), echocardiography abnormalities (57%), elevated myocardial enzymes (53%), and acute cardiac injury (9%). Eight percent of patients with acute cardiac injury were aged >60 years; 87.5% of them had ≥2 underlying comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease). Novel coronavirus pneumonia was much more severe in the patients with acute cardiac injury than in patients with non-definite acute cardiac injury (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, old age, novel coronavirus pneumonia severity, and underlying comorbidities were the risk factors for cardiac abnormalities in patients with COVID-19.
Conclusion: Besides its prominent expression at the level of the respiratory apparatus, COVID-19 is also characterized by a substantial degree of cardiovascular involvement, both in terms of deterioration of pre-existing conditions, and as the effect of inflammation-facilitated acute events. They include ischemic and inflammatory heart disease, ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, thrombotic events at the level of the lungs, systemic activation of the coagulation cascade and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:17:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee2d0bfa5b9c40648594ee213f3a1a94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1597-7188 2735-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:17:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Nigerian Medical Association, Akwa Ibom State Branch |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ibom Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee2d0bfa5b9c40648594ee213f3a1a942024-03-06T12:03:12ZengNigerian Medical Association, Akwa Ibom State BranchIbom Medical Journal1597-71882735-99642021-10-0114410.61386/imj.v14i4.40Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19Ekpe EE0Umoh IAShogade TTEyo CSAkpan AFCardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria Background: A spectrum of cardiovascular pathologies occurs in patients with COVID-19 and increases the risk of mortality. Risk of mortality is also heightened in cardiovascular disease patients who contact COVID-19. Methodology: Online search for the keywords in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google scholar was done. Relevant research articles yielded from the searches were reviewed. Results: the searches yielded a total of 172 results, out of which 111 were reviewed. Cardiac involvement was found in 70.6% COVID-19 patients: tachycardia (19%), electrocardiography abnormalities (22%), echocardiography abnormalities (57%), elevated myocardial enzymes (53%), and acute cardiac injury (9%). Eight percent of patients with acute cardiac injury were aged >60 years; 87.5% of them had ≥2 underlying comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease). Novel coronavirus pneumonia was much more severe in the patients with acute cardiac injury than in patients with non-definite acute cardiac injury (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, old age, novel coronavirus pneumonia severity, and underlying comorbidities were the risk factors for cardiac abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Besides its prominent expression at the level of the respiratory apparatus, COVID-19 is also characterized by a substantial degree of cardiovascular involvement, both in terms of deterioration of pre-existing conditions, and as the effect of inflammation-facilitated acute events. They include ischemic and inflammatory heart disease, ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, thrombotic events at the level of the lungs, systemic activation of the coagulation cascade and disseminated intravascular coagulation. https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/view/40COVID-19Cardiovascular manifestationcardiac involvementcardiac affectation |
| spellingShingle | Ekpe EE Umoh IA Shogade TT Eyo CS Akpan AF Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19 Ibom Medical Journal COVID-19 Cardiovascular manifestation cardiac involvement cardiac affectation |
| title | Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19 |
| title_full | Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19 |
| title_short | Review of cardiovascular involvements in COVID-19 |
| title_sort | review of cardiovascular involvements in covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 Cardiovascular manifestation cardiac involvement cardiac affectation |
| url | https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/view/40 |
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