Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells
Pelargonidin chloride (PC) is one of the major anthocyanin found in berries, radish and other natural foods. Many natural chemopreventive compounds have been shown to be potent inducers of phase II detoxification genes and its up-regulation is important for oxidative stress related disorders. In the...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00868/full |
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| author | G. R. Sharath Babu Tamatam Anand N. Ilaiyaraja Farhath Khanum N. Gopalan |
| author_facet | G. R. Sharath Babu Tamatam Anand N. Ilaiyaraja Farhath Khanum N. Gopalan |
| author_sort | G. R. Sharath Babu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pelargonidin chloride (PC) is one of the major anthocyanin found in berries, radish and other natural foods. Many natural chemopreventive compounds have been shown to be potent inducers of phase II detoxification genes and its up-regulation is important for oxidative stress related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PC in ameliorating citrinin (CTN) induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of CTN was evaluated by treating HepG2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells with CTN (0–150 μM) in a dose dependent manner for 24 h, and the IC50 was determined to be 96.16 μM. CTN increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (59%), elevated reactive oxygen species (2.5-fold), depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential as confirmed by JC-1 monomers and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. Further, apoptotic and necrotic analysis revealed significant changes followed by DNA damage. To overcome these toxicological effects, PC was pretreated for 2 h followed by CTN exposure for 24 h. Pretreatment with PC resulted in significant increase in cell viability (84.5%), restored membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species level were maintained and cell cycle phases were normal. PC significantly up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzymes: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and quinone reductase. Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus was also observed by immunocytochemistry analysis. These data demonstrate the protective effect of PC against CTN-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzyme levels through Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. |
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| id | doaj.art-ee348a2f6b824c0eb1a5a73935907c07 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:46:33Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee348a2f6b824c0eb1a5a73935907c072022-12-22T02:42:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122017-11-01810.3389/fphar.2017.00868303928Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 CellsG. R. Sharath Babu0Tamatam Anand1N. Ilaiyaraja2Farhath Khanum3N. Gopalan4Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, IndiaBiochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, IndiaBiochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, IndiaBiochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, IndiaFood Biotechnology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, IndiaPelargonidin chloride (PC) is one of the major anthocyanin found in berries, radish and other natural foods. Many natural chemopreventive compounds have been shown to be potent inducers of phase II detoxification genes and its up-regulation is important for oxidative stress related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PC in ameliorating citrinin (CTN) induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of CTN was evaluated by treating HepG2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells with CTN (0–150 μM) in a dose dependent manner for 24 h, and the IC50 was determined to be 96.16 μM. CTN increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (59%), elevated reactive oxygen species (2.5-fold), depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential as confirmed by JC-1 monomers and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. Further, apoptotic and necrotic analysis revealed significant changes followed by DNA damage. To overcome these toxicological effects, PC was pretreated for 2 h followed by CTN exposure for 24 h. Pretreatment with PC resulted in significant increase in cell viability (84.5%), restored membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species level were maintained and cell cycle phases were normal. PC significantly up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzymes: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and quinone reductase. Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus was also observed by immunocytochemistry analysis. These data demonstrate the protective effect of PC against CTN-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzyme levels through Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00868/fullcitrininpelargonidin chloridecytotoxicityoxidative stressmitochondrial membrane potentialKeap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway |
| spellingShingle | G. R. Sharath Babu Tamatam Anand N. Ilaiyaraja Farhath Khanum N. Gopalan Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells Frontiers in Pharmacology citrinin pelargonidin chloride cytotoxicity oxidative stress mitochondrial membrane potential Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway |
| title | Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells |
| title_full | Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells |
| title_short | Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells |
| title_sort | pelargonidin modulates keap1 nrf2 pathway gene expression and ameliorates citrinin induced oxidative stress in hepg2 cells |
| topic | citrinin pelargonidin chloride cytotoxicity oxidative stress mitochondrial membrane potential Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00868/full |
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