Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs. Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant to WSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-06-16-0110-R |
| _version_ | 1811290242643132416 |
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| author | Satyanarayana Tatineni Everlyne N. Wosula Melissa Bartels Gary L. Hein Robert A. Graybosch |
| author_facet | Satyanarayana Tatineni Everlyne N. Wosula Melissa Bartels Gary L. Hein Robert A. Graybosch |
| author_sort | Satyanarayana Tatineni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs. Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant to WSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive and is effective at 18°C or below but not at higher temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance of Wsm1 and Wsm2, nonallelic single dominant genes, are not known. In this study, we found that fluorescent protein–tagged WSMV and TriMV elicited foci that were approximately similar in number and size at 18 and 24°C, on inoculated leaves of resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. These data suggest that resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C facilitated efficient cell-to-cell movement. Additionally, WSMV and TriMV efficiently replicated in inoculated leaves of resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C but failed to establish systemic infection, suggesting that Wsm1- and Wsm2-mediated resistance debilitated viral long-distance transport. Furthermore, we found that neither virus was able to enter the leaf sheaths of inoculated leaves or crowns of resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C but both were able to do so at 24°C. Thus, wheat cvs. Mace and Snowmass provide resistance at the long-distance movement stage by specifically blocking virus entry into the vasculature. Taken together, these data suggest that both Wsm1 and Wsm2 genes similarly confer virus resistance by temperature-dependent impairment of viral long-distance movement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:08:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee3844802a904a0bb96d1d48e042da20 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:08:19Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee3844802a904a0bb96d1d48e042da202022-12-22T03:03:10ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062016-09-0129972473810.1094/MPMI-06-16-0110-RTemperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in WheatSatyanarayana Tatineni0Everlyne N. Wosula1Melissa Bartels2Gary L. Hein3Robert A. Graybosch4United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A.;Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A.;Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; andUSDA-ARS and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-LincolnWheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs. Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant to WSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive and is effective at 18°C or below but not at higher temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance of Wsm1 and Wsm2, nonallelic single dominant genes, are not known. In this study, we found that fluorescent protein–tagged WSMV and TriMV elicited foci that were approximately similar in number and size at 18 and 24°C, on inoculated leaves of resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. These data suggest that resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C facilitated efficient cell-to-cell movement. Additionally, WSMV and TriMV efficiently replicated in inoculated leaves of resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C but failed to establish systemic infection, suggesting that Wsm1- and Wsm2-mediated resistance debilitated viral long-distance transport. Furthermore, we found that neither virus was able to enter the leaf sheaths of inoculated leaves or crowns of resistant wheat cultivars at 18°C but both were able to do so at 24°C. Thus, wheat cvs. Mace and Snowmass provide resistance at the long-distance movement stage by specifically blocking virus entry into the vasculature. Taken together, these data suggest that both Wsm1 and Wsm2 genes similarly confer virus resistance by temperature-dependent impairment of viral long-distance movement.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-06-16-0110-R |
| spellingShingle | Satyanarayana Tatineni Everlyne N. Wosula Melissa Bartels Gary L. Hein Robert A. Graybosch Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat |
| title_full | Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat |
| title_short | Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 and Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus in Wheat |
| title_sort | temperature dependent wsm1 and wsm2 gene specific blockage of viral long distance transport provides resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus and triticum mosaic virus in wheat |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-06-16-0110-R |
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