Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a significant issue affecting a large population around the world. As its natural sources are limited, people must constantly fortify their VD. Encapsulating VD increases its bioavailability and stability during processing and storage; hence it has promising potential to...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mina Esmaeili, Reza Yekta, Abdol-Samad Abedi, Kiandokht Ghanati, Robabe Zamani Derav, Anahita Houshyarrad, Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi, Marjan Ajami, Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2022-04-01
Series:Pharmaceutical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ps.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/ps-28-194.pdf
_version_ 1818274668133482496
author Mina Esmaeili
Reza Yekta
Abdol-Samad Abedi
Kiandokht Ghanati
Robabe Zamani Derav
Anahita Houshyarrad
Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi
Marjan Ajami
Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
author_facet Mina Esmaeili
Reza Yekta
Abdol-Samad Abedi
Kiandokht Ghanati
Robabe Zamani Derav
Anahita Houshyarrad
Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi
Marjan Ajami
Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
author_sort Mina Esmaeili
collection DOAJ
description Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a significant issue affecting a large population around the world. As its natural sources are limited, people must constantly fortify their VD. Encapsulating VD increases its bioavailability and stability during processing and storage; hence it has promising potential to avoid VD deficiency. This study reviews current methods of VD fortification and encapsulation. Two predominant methods of VD fortification, i.e., biofortification and direct fortification, are advantageous over VD supplementation. However, significant VD losses occur during processing, storage, and passing across the stomach which can be minimized through encapsulation methods, i.e., micro and nanoencapsulation. Moreover, the capsule features like size, wall-to-core ratio, wall material, carrier oil composition, and encapsulation technique significantly affect VD bioavailability. To assess the optimum encapsulation procedures and possible risks in food fortification, comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies must be conducted. Depending on the staple food products of a specific region, both VD fortification strategies have great potential in different countries. Besides, the risk of VD overdose due to fortifying a single staple food product is higher than fortifying various staple food products.
first_indexed 2024-12-12T22:17:31Z
format Article
id doaj.art-ee3dd71ce37d49709b5e197bc456397d
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2383-2886
language English
last_indexed 2024-12-12T22:17:31Z
publishDate 2022-04-01
publisher Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
record_format Article
series Pharmaceutical Sciences
spelling doaj.art-ee3dd71ce37d49709b5e197bc456397d2022-12-22T00:10:03ZengTabriz University of Medical SciencesPharmaceutical Sciences2383-28862022-04-0128219420710.34172/PS.2021.42ps-34171Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its DeficiencyMina Esmaeili0Reza Yekta1Abdol-Samad Abedi2Kiandokht Ghanati3Robabe Zamani Derav4Anahita Houshyarrad5Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi6Marjan Ajami7Maryam Mahmoudzadeh8Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Research Deputy, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Drug Applied Research Center and Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a significant issue affecting a large population around the world. As its natural sources are limited, people must constantly fortify their VD. Encapsulating VD increases its bioavailability and stability during processing and storage; hence it has promising potential to avoid VD deficiency. This study reviews current methods of VD fortification and encapsulation. Two predominant methods of VD fortification, i.e., biofortification and direct fortification, are advantageous over VD supplementation. However, significant VD losses occur during processing, storage, and passing across the stomach which can be minimized through encapsulation methods, i.e., micro and nanoencapsulation. Moreover, the capsule features like size, wall-to-core ratio, wall material, carrier oil composition, and encapsulation technique significantly affect VD bioavailability. To assess the optimum encapsulation procedures and possible risks in food fortification, comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies must be conducted. Depending on the staple food products of a specific region, both VD fortification strategies have great potential in different countries. Besides, the risk of VD overdose due to fortifying a single staple food product is higher than fortifying various staple food products.https://ps.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/ps-28-194.pdfencapsulationvitamin dfortificationbioavailabilityenrichmentfood
spellingShingle Mina Esmaeili
Reza Yekta
Abdol-Samad Abedi
Kiandokht Ghanati
Robabe Zamani Derav
Anahita Houshyarrad
Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi
Marjan Ajami
Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency
Pharmaceutical Sciences
encapsulation
vitamin d
fortification
bioavailability
enrichment
food
title Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency
title_full Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency
title_fullStr Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency
title_full_unstemmed Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency
title_short Encapsulating Vitamin D: A Feasible and Promising Approach to Combat Its Deficiency
title_sort encapsulating vitamin d a feasible and promising approach to combat its deficiency
topic encapsulation
vitamin d
fortification
bioavailability
enrichment
food
url https://ps.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/ps-28-194.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT minaesmaeili encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT rezayekta encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT abdolsamadabedi encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT kiandokhtghanati encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT robabezamaniderav encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT anahitahoushyarrad encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT zeinabsaberidehkordi encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT marjanajami encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency
AT maryammahmoudzadeh encapsulatingvitamindafeasibleandpromisingapproachtocombatitsdeficiency