Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae
Abstract Background Mosquito saliva elicits immune responses in humans following mosquito blood feeding. Detection of human antibodies recognizing the Anopheles gambiae salivary gland protein 6 (gSG6) or the gSG6-P1 peptide in residents of Africa, South America and Southeast Asia suggested the poten...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2975-8 |
| _version_ | 1818250623020171264 |
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| author | Edgar J. M. Pollard Catriona Patterson Tanya L. Russell Alan Apairamo Jance Oscar Bruno Arcà Chris Drakeley Thomas R. Burkot |
| author_facet | Edgar J. M. Pollard Catriona Patterson Tanya L. Russell Alan Apairamo Jance Oscar Bruno Arcà Chris Drakeley Thomas R. Burkot |
| author_sort | Edgar J. M. Pollard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mosquito saliva elicits immune responses in humans following mosquito blood feeding. Detection of human antibodies recognizing the Anopheles gambiae salivary gland protein 6 (gSG6) or the gSG6-P1 peptide in residents of Africa, South America and Southeast Asia suggested the potential for these antibodies to serve as a universal marker to estimate human biting rates. Validating the utility of this approach requires concurrent comparisons of anopheline biting rates with antibodies to the gSG6 protein to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay for monitoring changes in vector populations. This study investigated whether seroprevalence of anti-gSG6 antibodies in humans reflected the relative exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands as estimated from sympatric human landing catches. Methods Human biting rates by An. farauti were estimated by landing catches at 10 sampling sites in each of 4 villages during the wet and dry seasons. Human serum samples from these same villages were also collected during the wet and dry seasons and analysed for antibody recognition of the gSG6 antigen by the Luminex xMAP© platform. Antibody titres and prevalence were compared to HLCs at the sampling sites nearest to participants’ residences for utility of anti-gSG6 antibodies to estimate human exposure to anopheline bites. Results In this study in the Solomon Islands only 11% of people had very high anti-gSG6 antibody titres, while other individuals did not recognize gSG6 despite nightly exposures of up to 190 bites by An. farauti. Despite clear spatial differences in the human biting rates within and among villages, associations between anti-gSG6 antibody titres and biting rates were not found. Conclusions Few studies to date have concurrently measured anopheline biting rates and the prevalence of human antibodies to gSG6. The lack of association between anti-gSG6 antibody titres and concurrently measured human biting rates suggests that the assay for human anti-gSG6 antibodies lacks sufficient sensitivity to be a biomarker of An. farauti exposure at an epidemiologically relevant scale. These findings imply that an improvement in the sensitivity of serology to monitor changes in anopheline biting exposure may require the use of saliva antigens from local anophelines, and this may be especially true for species more distantly related to the African malaria vector An. gambiae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:55:19Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:55:19Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee471e6c931a450d924e45f1d80598852022-12-22T00:19:31ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752019-10-011811810.1186/s12936-019-2975-8Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiaeEdgar J. M. Pollard0Catriona Patterson1Tanya L. Russell2Alan Apairamo3Jance Oscar4Bruno Arcà5Chris Drakeley6Thomas R. Burkot7Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook UniversityDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineAustralian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook UniversityNational Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Medical ServicesNational Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Medical ServicesDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitology, Sapienza Università Di RomaDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineAustralian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook UniversityAbstract Background Mosquito saliva elicits immune responses in humans following mosquito blood feeding. Detection of human antibodies recognizing the Anopheles gambiae salivary gland protein 6 (gSG6) or the gSG6-P1 peptide in residents of Africa, South America and Southeast Asia suggested the potential for these antibodies to serve as a universal marker to estimate human biting rates. Validating the utility of this approach requires concurrent comparisons of anopheline biting rates with antibodies to the gSG6 protein to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay for monitoring changes in vector populations. This study investigated whether seroprevalence of anti-gSG6 antibodies in humans reflected the relative exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands as estimated from sympatric human landing catches. Methods Human biting rates by An. farauti were estimated by landing catches at 10 sampling sites in each of 4 villages during the wet and dry seasons. Human serum samples from these same villages were also collected during the wet and dry seasons and analysed for antibody recognition of the gSG6 antigen by the Luminex xMAP© platform. Antibody titres and prevalence were compared to HLCs at the sampling sites nearest to participants’ residences for utility of anti-gSG6 antibodies to estimate human exposure to anopheline bites. Results In this study in the Solomon Islands only 11% of people had very high anti-gSG6 antibody titres, while other individuals did not recognize gSG6 despite nightly exposures of up to 190 bites by An. farauti. Despite clear spatial differences in the human biting rates within and among villages, associations between anti-gSG6 antibody titres and biting rates were not found. Conclusions Few studies to date have concurrently measured anopheline biting rates and the prevalence of human antibodies to gSG6. The lack of association between anti-gSG6 antibody titres and concurrently measured human biting rates suggests that the assay for human anti-gSG6 antibodies lacks sufficient sensitivity to be a biomarker of An. farauti exposure at an epidemiologically relevant scale. These findings imply that an improvement in the sensitivity of serology to monitor changes in anopheline biting exposure may require the use of saliva antigens from local anophelines, and this may be especially true for species more distantly related to the African malaria vector An. gambiae.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2975-8gSG6Human biting rateAnopheles farautiSaliva antigens |
| spellingShingle | Edgar J. M. Pollard Catriona Patterson Tanya L. Russell Alan Apairamo Jance Oscar Bruno Arcà Chris Drakeley Thomas R. Burkot Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae Malaria Journal gSG6 Human biting rate Anopheles farauti Saliva antigens |
| title | Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae |
| title_full | Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae |
| title_fullStr | Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae |
| title_short | Human exposure to Anopheles farauti bites in the Solomon Islands is not associated with IgG antibody response to the gSG6 salivary protein of Anopheles gambiae |
| title_sort | human exposure to anopheles farauti bites in the solomon islands is not associated with igg antibody response to the gsg6 salivary protein of anopheles gambiae |
| topic | gSG6 Human biting rate Anopheles farauti Saliva antigens |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2975-8 |
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