Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach
The eutrophication of aquatic systems is a problem related to the contribution of excess nutrients—phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)—to water bodies, which produces an increase in cyanobacterial blooms. Under eutrophic conditions, P and N concentrations are sufficient for cyanobacteria growth, and som...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Phycology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9410/3/1/11 |
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| author | Silvana Raquel Halac Ana Laura Ruibal-Conti Luciana del Valle Mengo Florencia Ullmer Aldana Cativa Raquel Bazan Maria Ines Rodriguez |
| author_facet | Silvana Raquel Halac Ana Laura Ruibal-Conti Luciana del Valle Mengo Florencia Ullmer Aldana Cativa Raquel Bazan Maria Ines Rodriguez |
| author_sort | Silvana Raquel Halac |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The eutrophication of aquatic systems is a problem related to the contribution of excess nutrients—phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)—to water bodies, which produces an increase in cyanobacterial blooms. Under eutrophic conditions, P and N concentrations are sufficient for cyanobacteria growth, and some micronutrients are considered to become limiting for population growth. This work aimed to assess the effect of iron on cyanobacteria growth and the content of MCs in natural populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. Microcosm setting experiments were carried out with natural samples collected during two bloom events of <i>Microcystis</i> spp., kept under controlled light, temperature and pH conditions. The first bloom sample was exposed to different iron concentrations (400, 700 and 1100 µg Fe·L<sup>−1</sup>) to determine the optimum concentration for growth. The second was exposed to different iron addition modes (one: T1P, and two pulses: T2P) to imitate the iron increase produced by the downward migration of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. colonies. Our results show that iron is a growth-promoting factor and that its optimal range of concentrations for the growth of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. under the experimental setting conditions is between 700 and 1100 µg Fe·L<sup>−1</sup>. On the other hand, growth rates were not significantly different between T1P and T2P; thus, different addition modes did not have an effect on growth. Regarding microcystin content, the MC quota in natural populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. did not show a clear relationship with the iron supply. This work contributes to the understanding of the underlying factors affecting cyanobacteria bloom formation and the production of MCs, which in turn would impact the development of management strategies to control cyanobacteria blooms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:01:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-9410 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:01:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Phycology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee4f460b89bd4d9eb829d138036cd4542023-11-17T13:19:52ZengMDPI AGPhycology2673-94102023-03-013116818510.3390/phycology3010011Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment ApproachSilvana Raquel Halac0Ana Laura Ruibal-Conti1Luciana del Valle Mengo2Florencia Ullmer3Aldana Cativa4Raquel Bazan5Maria Ines Rodriguez6Instituto Nacional del Agua, Centro de la Región Semiárida (INA-SCIRSA), Ambrosio Olmos 1142, Córdoba X5000JGT, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional del Agua, Centro de la Región Semiárida (INA-SCIRSA), Ambrosio Olmos 1142, Córdoba X5000JGT, ArgentinaCentro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1699, Córdoba X5016GCN, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional del Agua, Centro de la Región Semiárida (INA-SCIRSA), Ambrosio Olmos 1142, Córdoba X5000JGT, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional del Agua, Centro de la Región Semiárida (INA-SCIRSA), Ambrosio Olmos 1142, Córdoba X5000JGT, ArgentinaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fısicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC-FCEFyN), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCN, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional del Agua, Centro de la Región Semiárida (INA-SCIRSA), Ambrosio Olmos 1142, Córdoba X5000JGT, ArgentinaThe eutrophication of aquatic systems is a problem related to the contribution of excess nutrients—phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)—to water bodies, which produces an increase in cyanobacterial blooms. Under eutrophic conditions, P and N concentrations are sufficient for cyanobacteria growth, and some micronutrients are considered to become limiting for population growth. This work aimed to assess the effect of iron on cyanobacteria growth and the content of MCs in natural populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. Microcosm setting experiments were carried out with natural samples collected during two bloom events of <i>Microcystis</i> spp., kept under controlled light, temperature and pH conditions. The first bloom sample was exposed to different iron concentrations (400, 700 and 1100 µg Fe·L<sup>−1</sup>) to determine the optimum concentration for growth. The second was exposed to different iron addition modes (one: T1P, and two pulses: T2P) to imitate the iron increase produced by the downward migration of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. colonies. Our results show that iron is a growth-promoting factor and that its optimal range of concentrations for the growth of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. under the experimental setting conditions is between 700 and 1100 µg Fe·L<sup>−1</sup>. On the other hand, growth rates were not significantly different between T1P and T2P; thus, different addition modes did not have an effect on growth. Regarding microcystin content, the MC quota in natural populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. did not show a clear relationship with the iron supply. This work contributes to the understanding of the underlying factors affecting cyanobacteria bloom formation and the production of MCs, which in turn would impact the development of management strategies to control cyanobacteria blooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9410/3/1/11eutrophic waterscyanobacteria bloomironanoxic hypolimnionmicrocystin quota |
| spellingShingle | Silvana Raquel Halac Ana Laura Ruibal-Conti Luciana del Valle Mengo Florencia Ullmer Aldana Cativa Raquel Bazan Maria Ines Rodriguez Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach Phycology eutrophic waters cyanobacteria bloom iron anoxic hypolimnion microcystin quota |
| title | Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach |
| title_full | Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach |
| title_short | Effect of Iron Availability on the Growth and Microcystin Content of Natural Populations of <i>Microcystis</i> spp. from Reservoirs in Central Argentina: A Microcosm Experiment Approach |
| title_sort | effect of iron availability on the growth and microcystin content of natural populations of i microcystis i spp from reservoirs in central argentina a microcosm experiment approach |
| topic | eutrophic waters cyanobacteria bloom iron anoxic hypolimnion microcystin quota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9410/3/1/11 |
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