Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study
Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enr...
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| author | Vicky L. Baillie David P. Moore Azwifarwi Mathunjwa Henry C. Baggett Abdullah Brooks Daniel R. Feikin Laura L. Hammitt Stephen R. C. Howie Maria Deloria Knoll Karen L. Kotloff Orin S. Levine Katherine L. O’Brien Anthony G. Scott Donald M. Thea Martin Antonio Juliet O. Awori Amanda J. Driscoll Nicholas S. S. Fancourt Melissa M. Higdon Ruth A. Karron Susan C. Morpeth Justin M. Mulindwa David R. Murdoch Daniel E. Park Christine Prosperi Mohammed Ziaur Rahman Mustafizur Rahman Rasheed A. Salaudeen Pongpun Sawatwong Somwe Wa Somwe Samba O. Sow Milagritos D. Tapia Eric A. F. Simões Shabir A. Madhi |
| author_facet | Vicky L. Baillie David P. Moore Azwifarwi Mathunjwa Henry C. Baggett Abdullah Brooks Daniel R. Feikin Laura L. Hammitt Stephen R. C. Howie Maria Deloria Knoll Karen L. Kotloff Orin S. Levine Katherine L. O’Brien Anthony G. Scott Donald M. Thea Martin Antonio Juliet O. Awori Amanda J. Driscoll Nicholas S. S. Fancourt Melissa M. Higdon Ruth A. Karron Susan C. Morpeth Justin M. Mulindwa David R. Murdoch Daniel E. Park Christine Prosperi Mohammed Ziaur Rahman Mustafizur Rahman Rasheed A. Salaudeen Pongpun Sawatwong Somwe Wa Somwe Samba O. Sow Milagritos D. Tapia Eric A. F. Simões Shabir A. Madhi |
| author_sort | Vicky L. Baillie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1–59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12–59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8–2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4–2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ee57503233824f0cab1d572ba91f6ba8 |
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| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee57503233824f0cab1d572ba91f6ba82023-11-22T01:55:43ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-06-01137124910.3390/v13071249Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology StudyVicky L. Baillie0David P. Moore1Azwifarwi Mathunjwa2Henry C. Baggett3Abdullah Brooks4Daniel R. Feikin5Laura L. Hammitt6Stephen R. C. Howie7Maria Deloria Knoll8Karen L. Kotloff9Orin S. Levine10Katherine L. O’Brien11Anthony G. Scott12Donald M. Thea13Martin Antonio14Juliet O. Awori15Amanda J. Driscoll16Nicholas S. S. Fancourt17Melissa M. Higdon18Ruth A. Karron19Susan C. Morpeth20Justin M. Mulindwa21David R. Murdoch22Daniel E. Park23Christine Prosperi24Mohammed Ziaur Rahman25Mustafizur Rahman26Rasheed A. Salaudeen27Pongpun Sawatwong28Somwe Wa Somwe29Samba O. Sow30Milagritos D. Tapia31Eric A. F. Simões32Shabir A. Madhi33South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaSouth African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaSouth African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaDivision of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAMedical Research Council Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Basse 273, The GambiaDepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADivision of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAKenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, KenyaDepartment of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USAMedical Research Council Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Basse 273, The GambiaKenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, KenyaDepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAKenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, KenyaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 50110, ZambiaDepartment of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandDepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka and Matlab, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka and Matlab, BangladeshMedical Research Council Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Basse 273, The GambiaDivision of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 50110, ZambiaCentre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Bamako 198, MaliDivision of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USASouth African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaSouth African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaRhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1–59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12–59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8–2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4–2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1249rhinovirusepidemiologychildhoodpneumoniaPERCH |
| spellingShingle | Vicky L. Baillie David P. Moore Azwifarwi Mathunjwa Henry C. Baggett Abdullah Brooks Daniel R. Feikin Laura L. Hammitt Stephen R. C. Howie Maria Deloria Knoll Karen L. Kotloff Orin S. Levine Katherine L. O’Brien Anthony G. Scott Donald M. Thea Martin Antonio Juliet O. Awori Amanda J. Driscoll Nicholas S. S. Fancourt Melissa M. Higdon Ruth A. Karron Susan C. Morpeth Justin M. Mulindwa David R. Murdoch Daniel E. Park Christine Prosperi Mohammed Ziaur Rahman Mustafizur Rahman Rasheed A. Salaudeen Pongpun Sawatwong Somwe Wa Somwe Samba O. Sow Milagritos D. Tapia Eric A. F. Simões Shabir A. Madhi Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study Viruses rhinovirus epidemiology childhood pneumonia PERCH |
| title | Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study |
| title_full | Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study |
| title_short | Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study |
| title_sort | epidemiology of the rhinovirus rv in african and southeast asian children a case control pneumonia etiology study |
| topic | rhinovirus epidemiology childhood pneumonia PERCH |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1249 |
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