Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines
The hypothalamus is a key brain region in the regulation of energy balance as it controls food intake and both energy storage and expenditure through integration of humoral, neural, and nutrient-related signals and cues. Many years of research have focused on the regulation of energy balance by hypo...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00197/full |
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| author | Ophélia Le Thuc Ophélia Le Thuc Ophélia Le Thuc Katharina Stobbe Céline Cansell Jean-Louis Nahon Nicolas Blondeau Carole Rovère |
| author_facet | Ophélia Le Thuc Ophélia Le Thuc Ophélia Le Thuc Katharina Stobbe Céline Cansell Jean-Louis Nahon Nicolas Blondeau Carole Rovère |
| author_sort | Ophélia Le Thuc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hypothalamus is a key brain region in the regulation of energy balance as it controls food intake and both energy storage and expenditure through integration of humoral, neural, and nutrient-related signals and cues. Many years of research have focused on the regulation of energy balance by hypothalamic neurons, but the most recent findings suggest that neurons and glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, in the hypothalamus actually orchestrate together several metabolic functions. Because glial cells have been described as mediators of inflammatory processes in the brain, the existence of a causal link between hypothalamic inflammation and the deregulations of feeding behavior, leading to involuntary weight loss or obesity for example, has been suggested. Several inflammatory pathways that could impair the hypothalamic control of energy balance have been studied over the years such as, among others, toll-like receptors and canonical cytokines. Yet, less studied so far, chemokines also represent interesting candidates that could link the aforementioned pathways and the activity of hypothalamic neurons. Indeed, chemokines, in addition to their role in attracting immune cells to the inflamed site, have been suggested to be capable of neuromodulation. Thus, they could disrupt cellular activity together with synthesis and/or secretion of multiple neurotransmitters/mediators involved in the maintenance of energy balance. This review discusses the different inflammatory pathways that have been identified so far in the hypothalamus in the context of feeding behavior and body weight control impairments, with a particular focus on chemokines signaling that opens a new avenue in the understanding of the major role played by inflammation in obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:59:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee5bd97faf73437a9dff66f3b8f70227 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:59:30Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee5bd97faf73437a9dff66f3b8f702272022-12-21T19:26:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922017-08-01810.3389/fendo.2017.00197266092Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on ChemokinesOphélia Le Thuc0Ophélia Le Thuc1Ophélia Le Thuc2Katharina Stobbe3Céline Cansell4Jean-Louis Nahon5Nicolas Blondeau6Carole Rovère7CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, FranceHelmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanyDivision of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyCNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, FranceCNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, FranceCNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, FranceCNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, FranceCNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, FranceThe hypothalamus is a key brain region in the regulation of energy balance as it controls food intake and both energy storage and expenditure through integration of humoral, neural, and nutrient-related signals and cues. Many years of research have focused on the regulation of energy balance by hypothalamic neurons, but the most recent findings suggest that neurons and glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, in the hypothalamus actually orchestrate together several metabolic functions. Because glial cells have been described as mediators of inflammatory processes in the brain, the existence of a causal link between hypothalamic inflammation and the deregulations of feeding behavior, leading to involuntary weight loss or obesity for example, has been suggested. Several inflammatory pathways that could impair the hypothalamic control of energy balance have been studied over the years such as, among others, toll-like receptors and canonical cytokines. Yet, less studied so far, chemokines also represent interesting candidates that could link the aforementioned pathways and the activity of hypothalamic neurons. Indeed, chemokines, in addition to their role in attracting immune cells to the inflamed site, have been suggested to be capable of neuromodulation. Thus, they could disrupt cellular activity together with synthesis and/or secretion of multiple neurotransmitters/mediators involved in the maintenance of energy balance. This review discusses the different inflammatory pathways that have been identified so far in the hypothalamus in the context of feeding behavior and body weight control impairments, with a particular focus on chemokines signaling that opens a new avenue in the understanding of the major role played by inflammation in obesity.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00197/fullneuroinflammationhypothalamuschemokinesenergy balancemetabolic diseaseshigh-fat diet |
| spellingShingle | Ophélia Le Thuc Ophélia Le Thuc Ophélia Le Thuc Katharina Stobbe Céline Cansell Jean-Louis Nahon Nicolas Blondeau Carole Rovère Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines Frontiers in Endocrinology neuroinflammation hypothalamus chemokines energy balance metabolic diseases high-fat diet |
| title | Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines |
| title_full | Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines |
| title_fullStr | Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines |
| title_short | Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines |
| title_sort | hypothalamic inflammation and energy balance disruptions spotlight on chemokines |
| topic | neuroinflammation hypothalamus chemokines energy balance metabolic diseases high-fat diet |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00197/full |
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