Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis
Red fleshed apples (<i>Malus × domestica</i> Borkh.) differ in colour intensity between cultivars, seasons and sites. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for predicting anthocyanin content from digital images of flesh discs. Flesh cylinders of uniform colour were excis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/2/145 |
| _version_ | 1797479625438265344 |
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| author | Eckhard Grimm Felix Kuhnke Anna Gajdt Jörn Ostermann Moritz Knoche |
| author_facet | Eckhard Grimm Felix Kuhnke Anna Gajdt Jörn Ostermann Moritz Knoche |
| author_sort | Eckhard Grimm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Red fleshed apples (<i>Malus × domestica</i> Borkh.) differ in colour intensity between cultivars, seasons and sites. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for predicting anthocyanin content from digital images of flesh discs. Flesh cylinders of uniform colour were excised, scanned and their colours determined in the R, G and B and the L*a*b* colour spaces. Anthocyanin content was also quantified chemically. A calibration line was constructed to predict anthocyanin content of flesh discs of varying colour from a scan or a photograph in the studio or outdoors. Anthocyanin concentration was linearly related to the logarithms of G, B and L*. From these relationships, the anthocyanin content of a flesh disc was predicted, pixel by pixel. Colour corrections were applied using a reference colour chart included in all images. The Finlayson algorithm was most effective for correcting the G parameter obtained by a flatbed scanner. For variable imaging methods (scanning or photography), the Vandermonde algorithm for correcting the L* parameter and the Finlayson algorithm for correcting the G parameter were most effective in predicting anthocyanin content. The procedure allows accurate prediction of anthocyanin content of red fleshed apples from simple colour scans or photographs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee6243038e624a839b4b4ed597fe6d3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee6243038e624a839b4b4ed597fe6d3f2023-11-23T20:12:22ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-02-018214510.3390/horticulturae8020145Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image AnalysisEckhard Grimm0Felix Kuhnke1Anna Gajdt2Jörn Ostermann3Moritz Knoche4Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Abteilung Obstbau, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, GermanyInstitut für Informationsverarbeitung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, D-30467 Hannover, GermanyInstitut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Abteilung Obstbau, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, GermanyInstitut für Informationsverarbeitung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, D-30467 Hannover, GermanyInstitut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Abteilung Obstbau, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, GermanyRed fleshed apples (<i>Malus × domestica</i> Borkh.) differ in colour intensity between cultivars, seasons and sites. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for predicting anthocyanin content from digital images of flesh discs. Flesh cylinders of uniform colour were excised, scanned and their colours determined in the R, G and B and the L*a*b* colour spaces. Anthocyanin content was also quantified chemically. A calibration line was constructed to predict anthocyanin content of flesh discs of varying colour from a scan or a photograph in the studio or outdoors. Anthocyanin concentration was linearly related to the logarithms of G, B and L*. From these relationships, the anthocyanin content of a flesh disc was predicted, pixel by pixel. Colour corrections were applied using a reference colour chart included in all images. The Finlayson algorithm was most effective for correcting the G parameter obtained by a flatbed scanner. For variable imaging methods (scanning or photography), the Vandermonde algorithm for correcting the L* parameter and the Finlayson algorithm for correcting the G parameter were most effective in predicting anthocyanin content. The procedure allows accurate prediction of anthocyanin content of red fleshed apples from simple colour scans or photographs.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/2/145<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>anthocyaninred fleshphotographyimage analysis |
| spellingShingle | Eckhard Grimm Felix Kuhnke Anna Gajdt Jörn Ostermann Moritz Knoche Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis Horticulturae <i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> anthocyanin red flesh photography image analysis |
| title | Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis |
| title_full | Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis |
| title_short | Accurate Quantification of Anthocyanin in Red Flesh Apples Using Digital Photography and Image Analysis |
| title_sort | accurate quantification of anthocyanin in red flesh apples using digital photography and image analysis |
| topic | <i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> anthocyanin red flesh photography image analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/2/145 |
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