What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence
Abstract Background There is some evidence to suggest that animal-assisted interventions can have beneficial impact for residents in long-term care, but the focus of the evidence has largely been on behavioural and psychosocial measured outcomes. Animals, either as companion animals or in the form o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03834-0 |
| _version_ | 1797827410961367040 |
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| author | Noreen Orr Rebecca Abbott Alison Bethel Sarah Paviour Rebecca Whear Ruth Garside Joanna Thompson Coon |
| author_facet | Noreen Orr Rebecca Abbott Alison Bethel Sarah Paviour Rebecca Whear Ruth Garside Joanna Thompson Coon |
| author_sort | Noreen Orr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There is some evidence to suggest that animal-assisted interventions can have beneficial impact for residents in long-term care, but the focus of the evidence has largely been on behavioural and psychosocial measured outcomes. Animals, either as companion animals or in the form of pet/animal-assisted therapy, may provide benefits in the form of social contact, as well as opportunities for sensory experiences and meaningful engagement not picked up by outcome tools. This review aimed to create a state-of-knowledge synthesis, bringing together qualitative and quantitative findings, on the impact of animal-human interaction on care home residents and care home staff. Methods Fourteen databases were searched from inception to July 2020. Forward and backward citation chasing of included articles was conducted. Screening was undertaken independently by a team of reviewers. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis were used to synthesise the qualitative and quantitative data. Results Thirty-four studies, published in 40 articles (20 qualitative and 20 quantitative) were included. Five themes relating to resident wellbeing were identified in the qualitative evidence synthesis. These were animals as ‘living beings’, reminiscence and storytelling, caring (as ‘doing’ and ‘feeling’), respite (from loneliness, institutionalisation, and illness), and sensory engagement. A sixth theme related to staff perceptions and wellbeing, and a seventh to animal health and wellbeing. Maintaining identity was identified as an overarching theme. The majority of randomised trials had small sample sizes and were rated as low quality, mostly showing no evidence of beneficial effect. There was, however, limited evidence of a positive effect of pet/animal interaction on outcomes of loneliness, anxiety and depression, supporting the themes of respite and sensory engagement. Conclusions The presence of animals can significantly impact the health and wellbeing of some care home residents. Residents had meaningful relationships with animals and derived pleasure and comfort from them. Interacting with animals offered residents a way to maintain a sense of self in the care homes, and with support, residents with dementia could also express their identities. Facilitating residents to interact with animals as part of person-centred care may also help residents to feel ‘at home’ in the care home. Trial registration PROSPERO registration no: CRD42017058201. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:47:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee64d6fac3f3415ab02f108a456eff43 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee64d6fac3f3415ab02f108a456eff432023-05-14T11:27:06ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182023-03-0123113210.1186/s12877-023-03834-0What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidenceNoreen Orr0Rebecca Abbott1Alison Bethel2Sarah Paviour3Rebecca Whear4Ruth Garside5Joanna Thompson Coon6NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), College of Medicine & Health, Evidence Synthesis Team, University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St. Luke’s CampusNIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), College of Medicine & Health, Evidence Synthesis Team, University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St. Luke’s CampusNIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), College of Medicine & Health, Evidence Synthesis Team, University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St. Luke’s CampusCollege of Medicine and Health, University of ExeterNIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), College of Medicine & Health, Evidence Synthesis Team, University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St. Luke’s CampusEuropean Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Cornwall HospitalNIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), College of Medicine & Health, Evidence Synthesis Team, University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St. Luke’s CampusAbstract Background There is some evidence to suggest that animal-assisted interventions can have beneficial impact for residents in long-term care, but the focus of the evidence has largely been on behavioural and psychosocial measured outcomes. Animals, either as companion animals or in the form of pet/animal-assisted therapy, may provide benefits in the form of social contact, as well as opportunities for sensory experiences and meaningful engagement not picked up by outcome tools. This review aimed to create a state-of-knowledge synthesis, bringing together qualitative and quantitative findings, on the impact of animal-human interaction on care home residents and care home staff. Methods Fourteen databases were searched from inception to July 2020. Forward and backward citation chasing of included articles was conducted. Screening was undertaken independently by a team of reviewers. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis were used to synthesise the qualitative and quantitative data. Results Thirty-four studies, published in 40 articles (20 qualitative and 20 quantitative) were included. Five themes relating to resident wellbeing were identified in the qualitative evidence synthesis. These were animals as ‘living beings’, reminiscence and storytelling, caring (as ‘doing’ and ‘feeling’), respite (from loneliness, institutionalisation, and illness), and sensory engagement. A sixth theme related to staff perceptions and wellbeing, and a seventh to animal health and wellbeing. Maintaining identity was identified as an overarching theme. The majority of randomised trials had small sample sizes and were rated as low quality, mostly showing no evidence of beneficial effect. There was, however, limited evidence of a positive effect of pet/animal interaction on outcomes of loneliness, anxiety and depression, supporting the themes of respite and sensory engagement. Conclusions The presence of animals can significantly impact the health and wellbeing of some care home residents. Residents had meaningful relationships with animals and derived pleasure and comfort from them. Interacting with animals offered residents a way to maintain a sense of self in the care homes, and with support, residents with dementia could also express their identities. Facilitating residents to interact with animals as part of person-centred care may also help residents to feel ‘at home’ in the care home. Trial registration PROSPERO registration no: CRD42017058201.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03834-0AnimalsCompanion animalsAnimal therapyPetsLong-term careDementia |
| spellingShingle | Noreen Orr Rebecca Abbott Alison Bethel Sarah Paviour Rebecca Whear Ruth Garside Joanna Thompson Coon What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence BMC Geriatrics Animals Companion animals Animal therapy Pets Long-term care Dementia |
| title | What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence |
| title_full | What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence |
| title_fullStr | What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence |
| title_full_unstemmed | What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence |
| title_short | What are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes? A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence |
| title_sort | what are the effects of animals on the health and wellbeing of residents in care homes a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence |
| topic | Animals Companion animals Animal therapy Pets Long-term care Dementia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03834-0 |
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