Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1640 |
| _version_ | 1797413840875421696 |
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| author | Klara Suneson Jesper Lindahl Simon Chamli Hårsmar Gustav Söderberg Daniel Lindqvist |
| author_facet | Klara Suneson Jesper Lindahl Simon Chamli Hårsmar Gustav Söderberg Daniel Lindqvist |
| author_sort | Klara Suneson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:23:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee767399ba7249bead66fa0d891005fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:23:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee767399ba7249bead66fa0d891005fa2023-12-03T12:38:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01224164010.3390/ijms22041640Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological InterventionsKlara Suneson0Jesper Lindahl1Simon Chamli Hårsmar2Gustav Söderberg3Daniel Lindqvist4Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, SwedenOffice for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, SwedenTreatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1640depressioninflammationdysbiosisn-3 PUFAsexercise |
| spellingShingle | Klara Suneson Jesper Lindahl Simon Chamli Hårsmar Gustav Söderberg Daniel Lindqvist Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions International Journal of Molecular Sciences depression inflammation dysbiosis n-3 PUFAs exercise |
| title | Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions |
| title_full | Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions |
| title_short | Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions |
| title_sort | inflammatory depression mechanisms and non pharmacological interventions |
| topic | depression inflammation dysbiosis n-3 PUFAs exercise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1640 |
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