Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i>
<i>Coolia</i> is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported in selected <i>Coolia</i> species, although the identity of causative compounds is still controversial. In this study, we investi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/5/327 |
| _version_ | 1827716818405425152 |
|---|---|
| author | Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá Manoella Sibat Luciano Felício Fernandes Gwenaël Bilien Nicolas Chomérat Philipp Hess Luiz L. Mafra Jr |
| author_facet | Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá Manoella Sibat Luciano Felício Fernandes Gwenaël Bilien Nicolas Chomérat Philipp Hess Luiz L. Mafra Jr |
| author_sort | Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Coolia</i> is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported in selected <i>Coolia</i> species, although the identity of causative compounds is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the taxonomical and toxicological aspects of <i>Coolia</i> species from Brazil. Since light- and electron microscopy-based morphology was not enough to distinguish small-celled species, ITS and LSU D1-D3 phylogenetic analyses were used for species definition. Cultures of <i>Coolia palmyrensis</i> and <i>Coolia santacroce</i> were established from samples collected along the northeastern Brazilian coast, the first record of both species in South Atlantic waters. Cultures of <i>Coolia malayensis</i> and <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> were also established and exhibited acute <i>in vivo</i> toxicity to adults of <i>Artemia salina</i>, while <i>C. palmyrensis</i> and <i>C. santacroce</i> were non-toxic. The presence of 30 yessotoxin analogues, 7 metabolites of <i>Coolia</i> and 44 <i>Gambierdiscus</i> metabolites was screened in 14 strains of <i>Coolia</i>. 44-methyl gambierone (formerly referred to as MTX3) and a new isomer of this compound were detected only in <i>C. tropicalis</i>, using both low- and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gambierone analogues in dinoflagellates other than <i>Gambierdiscus</i>; the role of <i>C. tropicalis</i> in ciguatera poisoning thus deserves to be considered in further investigations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee7ed6e50ddb4f61baa5ed95f84756f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee7ed6e50ddb4f61baa5ed95f84756f32023-11-20T00:38:08ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-05-0112532710.3390/toxins12050327Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i>Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá0Manoella Sibat1Luciano Felício Fernandes2Gwenaël Bilien3Nicolas Chomérat4Philipp Hess5Luiz L. Mafra Jr6Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Cx, Postal 61, Pontal do Paraná PR 83255-976, BrazilIFREMER, DYNECO, Phycotoxins Laboratory, 44000 Nantes, FranceUniversidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Botânica, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba PR 81531-990, BrazilIfremer, LITTORAL, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Britanny, 29900 Concarneau, FranceIfremer, LITTORAL, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Britanny, 29900 Concarneau, FranceIfremer, LITTORAL, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Britanny, 29900 Concarneau, FranceUniversidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Cx, Postal 61, Pontal do Paraná PR 83255-976, Brazil<i>Coolia</i> is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported in selected <i>Coolia</i> species, although the identity of causative compounds is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the taxonomical and toxicological aspects of <i>Coolia</i> species from Brazil. Since light- and electron microscopy-based morphology was not enough to distinguish small-celled species, ITS and LSU D1-D3 phylogenetic analyses were used for species definition. Cultures of <i>Coolia palmyrensis</i> and <i>Coolia santacroce</i> were established from samples collected along the northeastern Brazilian coast, the first record of both species in South Atlantic waters. Cultures of <i>Coolia malayensis</i> and <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> were also established and exhibited acute <i>in vivo</i> toxicity to adults of <i>Artemia salina</i>, while <i>C. palmyrensis</i> and <i>C. santacroce</i> were non-toxic. The presence of 30 yessotoxin analogues, 7 metabolites of <i>Coolia</i> and 44 <i>Gambierdiscus</i> metabolites was screened in 14 strains of <i>Coolia</i>. 44-methyl gambierone (formerly referred to as MTX3) and a new isomer of this compound were detected only in <i>C. tropicalis</i>, using both low- and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gambierone analogues in dinoflagellates other than <i>Gambierdiscus</i>; the role of <i>C. tropicalis</i> in ciguatera poisoning thus deserves to be considered in further investigations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/5/327benthic microalgaetoxic dinoflagellatestoxicity assaycooliatoxin44-methyl gambierone |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá Manoella Sibat Luciano Felício Fernandes Gwenaël Bilien Nicolas Chomérat Philipp Hess Luiz L. Mafra Jr Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> Toxins benthic microalgae toxic dinoflagellates toxicity assay cooliatoxin 44-methyl gambierone |
| title | Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> |
| title_full | Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> |
| title_short | Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus <i>Coolia</i> Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in <i>Coolia tropicalis</i> |
| title_sort | diversity and toxicity of the genus i coolia i meunier in brazil and detection of 44 methyl gambierone in i coolia tropicalis i |
| topic | benthic microalgae toxic dinoflagellates toxicity assay cooliatoxin 44-methyl gambierone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/5/327 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carloseduardojunqueiradeazevedotibirica diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi AT manoellasibat diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi AT lucianofeliciofernandes diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi AT gwenaelbilien diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi AT nicolaschomerat diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi AT philipphess diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi AT luizlmafrajr diversityandtoxicityofthegenusicooliaimeunierinbrazilanddetectionof44methylgambieroneinicooliatropicalisi |