<i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes
Hypertrophy development induced by the overexpression of <i>SlbHLH22</i> (also called <i>SlUPA-like</i>) was susceptible to <i>Xanthomonas</i> in tomatoes. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed on the hypertrophy leaves of a <i>SlbHLH22</i&...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/12/1195 |
| _version_ | 1797380096087031808 |
|---|---|
| author | Baolu Cui Min Yu Jiaojiao Bai Zhiguo Zhu |
| author_facet | Baolu Cui Min Yu Jiaojiao Bai Zhiguo Zhu |
| author_sort | Baolu Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypertrophy development induced by the overexpression of <i>SlbHLH22</i> (also called <i>SlUPA-like</i>) was susceptible to <i>Xanthomonas</i> in tomatoes. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed on the hypertrophy leaves of a <i>SlbHLH22</i>-overexpressed line (OE) and wild type (WT) to investigate the molecular mechanism. Metabolome analysis revealed that six key metabolites were over-accumulated in the OE, including Acetylserine/O-Acetyl-L-serine, Glucono-1,5-lactone, Gluconate, 2-Oxoglutarate, and Loganate, implying that the OE plants increased salt or oxidant resistance under normal growth conditions. The RNA-seq analysis showed the changed expressions of downstream genes involved in high-energy consumption, photosynthesis, and transcription regulation in OE lines, and we hypothesized that these biological processes were related to the GTgamma subfamily of trihelix factors. The RT-PCR results showed that the expressions of the <i>GTgamma</i> genes in tomatoes, i.e., <i>SlGT</i>-<i>7</i> and <i>SlGT</i>-<i>36</i>, were suppressed in the hypertrophy development. The expression of the <i>GTgamma</i> gene was downregulated by salinity, indicating a coordinated role of GTgamma in hypertrophy development and salt stress. Further research showed that both <i>SlGT</i>-<i>7</i> and <i>SlGT</i>-<i>36</i> were highly expressed in leaves and could be significantly induced by abscisic acid (ABA). The GTgamma protein had a putative phosphorylation site at S<sup>96</sup>. These results suggested GTgamma’s role in hypertrophy development by increasing the salt resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:33:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee7f6ac55aec46dfb2411b351deea2c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:33:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee7f6ac55aec46dfb2411b351deea2c92023-12-22T14:24:28ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-12-011312119510.3390/metabo13121195<i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in TomatoesBaolu Cui0Min Yu1Jiaojiao Bai2Zhiguo Zhu3College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, ChinaHypertrophy development induced by the overexpression of <i>SlbHLH22</i> (also called <i>SlUPA-like</i>) was susceptible to <i>Xanthomonas</i> in tomatoes. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed on the hypertrophy leaves of a <i>SlbHLH22</i>-overexpressed line (OE) and wild type (WT) to investigate the molecular mechanism. Metabolome analysis revealed that six key metabolites were over-accumulated in the OE, including Acetylserine/O-Acetyl-L-serine, Glucono-1,5-lactone, Gluconate, 2-Oxoglutarate, and Loganate, implying that the OE plants increased salt or oxidant resistance under normal growth conditions. The RNA-seq analysis showed the changed expressions of downstream genes involved in high-energy consumption, photosynthesis, and transcription regulation in OE lines, and we hypothesized that these biological processes were related to the GTgamma subfamily of trihelix factors. The RT-PCR results showed that the expressions of the <i>GTgamma</i> genes in tomatoes, i.e., <i>SlGT</i>-<i>7</i> and <i>SlGT</i>-<i>36</i>, were suppressed in the hypertrophy development. The expression of the <i>GTgamma</i> gene was downregulated by salinity, indicating a coordinated role of GTgamma in hypertrophy development and salt stress. Further research showed that both <i>SlGT</i>-<i>7</i> and <i>SlGT</i>-<i>36</i> were highly expressed in leaves and could be significantly induced by abscisic acid (ABA). The GTgamma protein had a putative phosphorylation site at S<sup>96</sup>. These results suggested GTgamma’s role in hypertrophy development by increasing the salt resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/12/1195<i>SlbHLH22</i>-induced hypertrophymetabolometranscriptome<i>GTgamma</i> genesalt stress<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Baolu Cui Min Yu Jiaojiao Bai Zhiguo Zhu <i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes Metabolites <i>SlbHLH22</i>-induced hypertrophy metabolome transcriptome <i>GTgamma</i> gene salt stress <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> |
| title | <i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes |
| title_full | <i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes |
| title_fullStr | <i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes |
| title_short | <i>SlbHLH22</i>-Induced Hypertrophy Development Is Related to the Salt Stress Response of the <i>GTgamma</i> Gene in Tomatoes |
| title_sort | i slbhlh22 i induced hypertrophy development is related to the salt stress response of the i gtgamma i gene in tomatoes |
| topic | <i>SlbHLH22</i>-induced hypertrophy metabolome transcriptome <i>GTgamma</i> gene salt stress <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/12/1195 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT baolucui islbhlh22iinducedhypertrophydevelopmentisrelatedtothesaltstressresponseoftheigtgammaigeneintomatoes AT minyu islbhlh22iinducedhypertrophydevelopmentisrelatedtothesaltstressresponseoftheigtgammaigeneintomatoes AT jiaojiaobai islbhlh22iinducedhypertrophydevelopmentisrelatedtothesaltstressresponseoftheigtgammaigeneintomatoes AT zhiguozhu islbhlh22iinducedhypertrophydevelopmentisrelatedtothesaltstressresponseoftheigtgammaigeneintomatoes |