Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses
Background: Consensus on the optimal metrics for neurovascular coupling (NVC) is lacking. The aim of this study was to use principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the most significant contributors to NVC responses in healthy adults (HC), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245022000046 |
| _version_ | 1811197567105499136 |
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| author | James Ball Ronney B Panerai Claire A.L. Williams Lucy Beishon |
| author_facet | James Ball Ronney B Panerai Claire A.L. Williams Lucy Beishon |
| author_sort | James Ball |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Consensus on the optimal metrics for neurovascular coupling (NVC) is lacking. The aim of this study was to use principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the most significant contributors to NVC responses in healthy adults (HC), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). New method: PCA was applied to three datasets: 1) 69 HC, 2) 30 older HC, 34 AD, and 22 MCI, 3) 1&2 combined. Data were extracted on peak percentage change in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv), variance ratio (VR), cross-correlation function peak (CCF), and blood pressure, for five cognitive tasks. An equamax rotation was applied and factors were significant where the eignevalue was ≥1. Rotated factor loadings ≥0.4 determined significant NVC variables. Results: PCA identified 12 significant factors accounting for 78% of variance (all datasets). Contributing variables loaded differently on the factors across the datasets. In datasets 1&2, peak percentage change in CBFv contributed to factors explaining the most variance (45–58%), whereas cognitive test scores, fluency and memory domains contributed the least (15–37%). In the combined dataset, CBFv, CCF and fluency domain contributed the majority (33–43%), whereas VR and attention the least (6–24%). Conclusions: Peak percentage change in CBFv and the visuospatial task consistently accounted for a large proportion of the variance, suggesting these are robust NVC markers for future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:16:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee97dbd47fb8412d8411b9e3fa26668f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-2450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:16:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee97dbd47fb8412d8411b9e3fa26668f2022-12-22T03:53:57ZengElsevierCerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior2666-24502022-01-013100039Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responsesJames Ball0Ronney B Panerai1Claire A.L. Williams2Lucy Beishon3University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, UKUniversity of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UKUniversity of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, UKUniversity of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, UK; Corresponding author at: Room 419, Level 4, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK.Background: Consensus on the optimal metrics for neurovascular coupling (NVC) is lacking. The aim of this study was to use principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the most significant contributors to NVC responses in healthy adults (HC), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). New method: PCA was applied to three datasets: 1) 69 HC, 2) 30 older HC, 34 AD, and 22 MCI, 3) 1&2 combined. Data were extracted on peak percentage change in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv), variance ratio (VR), cross-correlation function peak (CCF), and blood pressure, for five cognitive tasks. An equamax rotation was applied and factors were significant where the eignevalue was ≥1. Rotated factor loadings ≥0.4 determined significant NVC variables. Results: PCA identified 12 significant factors accounting for 78% of variance (all datasets). Contributing variables loaded differently on the factors across the datasets. In datasets 1&2, peak percentage change in CBFv contributed to factors explaining the most variance (45–58%), whereas cognitive test scores, fluency and memory domains contributed the least (15–37%). In the combined dataset, CBFv, CCF and fluency domain contributed the majority (33–43%), whereas VR and attention the least (6–24%). Conclusions: Peak percentage change in CBFv and the visuospatial task consistently accounted for a large proportion of the variance, suggesting these are robust NVC markers for future studies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245022000046Neurovascular couplingDementiaAlzheimer's diseaseCerebrovascular response |
| spellingShingle | James Ball Ronney B Panerai Claire A.L. Williams Lucy Beishon Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior Neurovascular coupling Dementia Alzheimer's disease Cerebrovascular response |
| title | Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses |
| title_full | Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses |
| title_fullStr | Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses |
| title_short | Principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task-activated neurovascular responses |
| title_sort | principal component analysis to identify the major contributors to task activated neurovascular responses |
| topic | Neurovascular coupling Dementia Alzheimer's disease Cerebrovascular response |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245022000046 |
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