Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population
Background: The relationship between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) exposure and the human liver was still not well understood. Methods: A total of 3108 participants (age > 12) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning from 2005 to 2016 were included...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324002173 |
| _version_ | 1797261876771422208 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiong Chen GuoHuang Hu Bin He Zhen Cao JianFeng He HaiLong Luo YiJin Li QianLe Yu |
| author_facet | Xiong Chen GuoHuang Hu Bin He Zhen Cao JianFeng He HaiLong Luo YiJin Li QianLe Yu |
| author_sort | Xiong Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The relationship between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) exposure and the human liver was still not well understood. Methods: A total of 3108 participants (age > 12) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning from 2005 to 2016 were included as the study population, with nine BFRs exhibiting a detection rate of over 70% serving as the exposure factor. The singular effects and combined effects of BFRs exposure on liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) were evaluated separately. Finally, COX regression was employed to explore the hazard ratios associated with individual BFRs. Results: In our analysis of individual exposures, we found significant positive association of PBB153 with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), PBB153 with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), PBDE47, PBDE85, PBDE99, PBDE100, and PBDE154 with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PBDE28 and PBB153 with gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), PBB153 with the risk of NAFLD and AHF; and significant negative association of PBB153 with ALP, PBDE28, PBDE47, PBDE99, PBDE100, PBDE85, PBDE209, and PBDE154 with albumin (ALB), PBB153 with AST/ALT. The nonlinear analysis results from Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) further validated these associations (all P<0.05). In the mixed analysis combining Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and Quantile G-computation (QGC) analysis, BFRs were positively associated with ALT (β>0, P<0.001), GGT (β>0, P<0.001), and the risk of NAFLD (OR>1, P=0.007). Conversely, BFRs exhibited significant negative correlations with ALP (β<0, P<0.001), ALB (β<0, P<0.001), and AST/ALT (β<0, P<0.001). Furthermore, the COX regression analysis revealed that PBB153 had the highest hazard ratio among the BFRs. Conclusions: BFR exposure may increase the risk of liver injury and NAFLD, with no significant association with AHF risk. The impact of BFR exposure on liver health should not be overlooked, especially in individuals residing in impoverished areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ee9c48f76efb4746b8af7d1db610c1a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:48:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-ee9c48f76efb4746b8af7d1db610c1a02024-03-15T04:42:50ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-03-01273116142Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US populationXiong Chen0GuoHuang Hu1Bin He2Zhen Cao3JianFeng He4HaiLong Luo5YiJin Li6QianLe Yu7Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of Endoscopy, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, No. 519, Xianjia Lake Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of Colorectal and Anorectal Surgery, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 58, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, PR China; Corresponding author.Background: The relationship between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) exposure and the human liver was still not well understood. Methods: A total of 3108 participants (age > 12) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning from 2005 to 2016 were included as the study population, with nine BFRs exhibiting a detection rate of over 70% serving as the exposure factor. The singular effects and combined effects of BFRs exposure on liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) were evaluated separately. Finally, COX regression was employed to explore the hazard ratios associated with individual BFRs. Results: In our analysis of individual exposures, we found significant positive association of PBB153 with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), PBB153 with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), PBDE47, PBDE85, PBDE99, PBDE100, and PBDE154 with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PBDE28 and PBB153 with gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), PBB153 with the risk of NAFLD and AHF; and significant negative association of PBB153 with ALP, PBDE28, PBDE47, PBDE99, PBDE100, PBDE85, PBDE209, and PBDE154 with albumin (ALB), PBB153 with AST/ALT. The nonlinear analysis results from Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) further validated these associations (all P<0.05). In the mixed analysis combining Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and Quantile G-computation (QGC) analysis, BFRs were positively associated with ALT (β>0, P<0.001), GGT (β>0, P<0.001), and the risk of NAFLD (OR>1, P=0.007). Conversely, BFRs exhibited significant negative correlations with ALP (β<0, P<0.001), ALB (β<0, P<0.001), and AST/ALT (β<0, P<0.001). Furthermore, the COX regression analysis revealed that PBB153 had the highest hazard ratio among the BFRs. Conclusions: BFR exposure may increase the risk of liver injury and NAFLD, with no significant association with AHF risk. The impact of BFR exposure on liver health should not be overlooked, especially in individuals residing in impoverished areas.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324002173Brominated flame retardantsLiver injuryNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseWQSQGC |
| spellingShingle | Xiong Chen GuoHuang Hu Bin He Zhen Cao JianFeng He HaiLong Luo YiJin Li QianLe Yu Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Brominated flame retardants Liver injury Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease WQS QGC |
| title | Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population |
| title_full | Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population |
| title_fullStr | Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population |
| title_short | Effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population |
| title_sort | effect of brominated flame retardants exposure on liver function and the risk of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in the us population |
| topic | Brominated flame retardants Liver injury Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease WQS QGC |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324002173 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiongchen effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT guohuanghu effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT binhe effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT zhencao effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT jianfenghe effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT hailongluo effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT yijinli effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation AT qianleyu effectofbrominatedflameretardantsexposureonliverfunctionandtheriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseintheuspopulation |