Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer
The nucleolus is a distinct sub-cellular compartment structure in the nucleus. First observed more than 200 years ago, the nucleolus is detectable by microscopy in eukaryotic cells and visible during the interphase as a sub-nuclear structure immersed in the nucleoplasm, from which it is not separate...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/1090 |
| _version_ | 1797713660128264192 |
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| author | Pietro Carotenuto Annalisa Pecoraro Gaetano Palma Giulia Russo Annapina Russo |
| author_facet | Pietro Carotenuto Annalisa Pecoraro Gaetano Palma Giulia Russo Annapina Russo |
| author_sort | Pietro Carotenuto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The nucleolus is a distinct sub-cellular compartment structure in the nucleus. First observed more than 200 years ago, the nucleolus is detectable by microscopy in eukaryotic cells and visible during the interphase as a sub-nuclear structure immersed in the nucleoplasm, from which it is not separated from any membrane. A huge number of studies, spanning over a century, have identified ribosome biogenesis as the main function of the nucleolus. Recently, novel functions, independent from ribosome biogenesis, have been proposed by several proteomic, genomic, and functional studies. Several works have confirmed the non-canonical role for nucleoli in regulating important cellular processes including genome stability, cell-cycle control, the cellular senescence, stress responses, and biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Many authors have shown that both canonical and non-canonical functions of the nucleolus are associated with several cancer-related processes. The association between the nucleolus and cancer, first proposed by cytological and histopathological studies showing that the number and shape of nucleoli are commonly altered in almost any type of cancer, has been confirmed at the molecular level by several authors who demonstrated that numerous mechanisms occurring in the nucleolus are altered in tumors. Recently, therapeutic approaches targeting the nucleolus in cancer have started to be considered as an emerging “hallmark” of cancer and several therapeutic interventions have been developed. This review proposes an up-to-date overview of available strategies targeting the nucleolus, focusing on novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Finally, a target-based classification of currently available treatment will be proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:40:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eeafc6583c3849d19d1c9fae09062a8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:40:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-eeafc6583c3849d19d1c9fae09062a8c2023-09-02T21:21:22ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-09-0189109010.3390/cells8091090cells8091090Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in CancerPietro Carotenuto0Annalisa Pecoraro1Gaetano Palma2Giulia Russo3Annapina Russo4The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutic Unit, London SM2 5NG, UKDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyThe nucleolus is a distinct sub-cellular compartment structure in the nucleus. First observed more than 200 years ago, the nucleolus is detectable by microscopy in eukaryotic cells and visible during the interphase as a sub-nuclear structure immersed in the nucleoplasm, from which it is not separated from any membrane. A huge number of studies, spanning over a century, have identified ribosome biogenesis as the main function of the nucleolus. Recently, novel functions, independent from ribosome biogenesis, have been proposed by several proteomic, genomic, and functional studies. Several works have confirmed the non-canonical role for nucleoli in regulating important cellular processes including genome stability, cell-cycle control, the cellular senescence, stress responses, and biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Many authors have shown that both canonical and non-canonical functions of the nucleolus are associated with several cancer-related processes. The association between the nucleolus and cancer, first proposed by cytological and histopathological studies showing that the number and shape of nucleoli are commonly altered in almost any type of cancer, has been confirmed at the molecular level by several authors who demonstrated that numerous mechanisms occurring in the nucleolus are altered in tumors. Recently, therapeutic approaches targeting the nucleolus in cancer have started to be considered as an emerging “hallmark” of cancer and several therapeutic interventions have been developed. This review proposes an up-to-date overview of available strategies targeting the nucleolus, focusing on novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Finally, a target-based classification of currently available treatment will be proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/1090nucleolar stressp53ribosomal proteinscanceruL3cancer chemotherapynucleolus |
| spellingShingle | Pietro Carotenuto Annalisa Pecoraro Gaetano Palma Giulia Russo Annapina Russo Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer Cells nucleolar stress p53 ribosomal proteins cancer uL3 cancer chemotherapy nucleolus |
| title | Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer |
| title_full | Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer |
| title_short | Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer |
| title_sort | therapeutic approaches targeting nucleolus in cancer |
| topic | nucleolar stress p53 ribosomal proteins cancer uL3 cancer chemotherapy nucleolus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/1090 |
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