Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
The southern green stink bug, <i>Nezara viridula</i> (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is the most significant pest of soybean worldwide. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a Delta native strain NI8 of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> by contact and direc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/11/1164 |
| _version_ | 1797467684267360256 |
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| author | Maribel Portilla Minling Zhang James Paul Glover Gadi V. P. Reddy Chris Johnson |
| author_facet | Maribel Portilla Minling Zhang James Paul Glover Gadi V. P. Reddy Chris Johnson |
| author_sort | Maribel Portilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The southern green stink bug, <i>Nezara viridula</i> (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is the most significant pest of soybean worldwide. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a Delta native strain NI8 of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> by contact and direct spray on nymphs (2nd to 5th instar) and adults of <i>N. viridula</i>. Water control and four concentrations of <i>B. bassiana</i> were used to evaluate the survival, mortality, and molting percentage and to estimate median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>), median lethal sporulation (LS<sub>50</sub>), and resistance ratio (RR<sub>50</sub>). Direct spray at all concentrations observed the greatest reduction in survival on all life stages. Mortality and sporulation were positively correlated by concentration, while molting was highly variable with a significantly lower negative correlation on insects that were directly sprayed. Pathogenicity exhibited reduction as young stages developed and emerged to adult. The LC<sub>50</sub> (Contact: 612 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>; Direct spray: 179 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>) and LS<sub>50</sub> (Contact: 1960 spores/mm<sup>2</sup> Spray: 3.3 × 10<sup>6</sup>) values showed that adults of <i>N. viridula</i> were highly resistant than any other life stage when exposed to either contact or direct spray. Fourth instar was the most susceptible (LC<sub>50</sub>: Contact: 18 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>; Direct spray: 23 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>) (LS<sub>50</sub>: Contact: 53 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>; Direct spray: 26 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>) followed by second, third, and fifth instars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:57:11Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:57:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-eeb40e40e29d4d96b895677e4cfe59bc2023-11-24T05:24:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-11-01811116410.3390/jof8111164Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)Maribel Portilla0Minling Zhang1James Paul Glover2Gadi V. P. Reddy3Chris Johnson4USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USAUSDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USAUSDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USAUSDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USAUSDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USAThe southern green stink bug, <i>Nezara viridula</i> (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is the most significant pest of soybean worldwide. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a Delta native strain NI8 of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> by contact and direct spray on nymphs (2nd to 5th instar) and adults of <i>N. viridula</i>. Water control and four concentrations of <i>B. bassiana</i> were used to evaluate the survival, mortality, and molting percentage and to estimate median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>), median lethal sporulation (LS<sub>50</sub>), and resistance ratio (RR<sub>50</sub>). Direct spray at all concentrations observed the greatest reduction in survival on all life stages. Mortality and sporulation were positively correlated by concentration, while molting was highly variable with a significantly lower negative correlation on insects that were directly sprayed. Pathogenicity exhibited reduction as young stages developed and emerged to adult. The LC<sub>50</sub> (Contact: 612 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>; Direct spray: 179 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>) and LS<sub>50</sub> (Contact: 1960 spores/mm<sup>2</sup> Spray: 3.3 × 10<sup>6</sup>) values showed that adults of <i>N. viridula</i> were highly resistant than any other life stage when exposed to either contact or direct spray. Fourth instar was the most susceptible (LC<sub>50</sub>: Contact: 18 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>; Direct spray: 23 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>) (LS<sub>50</sub>: Contact: 53 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>; Direct spray: 26 spores/mm<sup>2</sup>) followed by second, third, and fifth instars.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/11/1164southern green stink bugentomopathogenic fungilethal concentration 50<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>agricultural pest |
| spellingShingle | Maribel Portilla Minling Zhang James Paul Glover Gadi V. P. Reddy Chris Johnson Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Journal of Fungi southern green stink bug entomopathogenic fungi lethal concentration 50 <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> agricultural pest |
| title | Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) |
| title_full | Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) |
| title_fullStr | Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) |
| title_short | Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) |
| title_sort | lethal concentration and sporulation by contact and direct spray of the entomopathogenic fungus i beauveria bassiana i on different stages of i nezara viridula i heteroptera pentatomidae |
| topic | southern green stink bug entomopathogenic fungi lethal concentration 50 <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> agricultural pest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/11/1164 |
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