Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women
Fatigue, depression, and sleep inertia are frequently underdiagnosed manifestations in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Our cross-sectional study design included diagnostic interview accompanied by assessment instruments and aimed to explore how these factors influence disease severity as well...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/11/1491 |
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| author | Sona Nevsimalova Jelena Skibova Karolina Galuskova Iva Prihodova Simona Dostalova Eszter Maurovich-Horvat Karel Šonka |
| author_facet | Sona Nevsimalova Jelena Skibova Karolina Galuskova Iva Prihodova Simona Dostalova Eszter Maurovich-Horvat Karel Šonka |
| author_sort | Sona Nevsimalova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fatigue, depression, and sleep inertia are frequently underdiagnosed manifestations in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Our cross-sectional study design included diagnostic interview accompanied by assessment instruments and aimed to explore how these factors influence disease severity as well as to elucidate any sex predisposition. One hundred and forty-eight subjects (female 63%) were divided into narcolepsy type 1 (NT1; n = 87, female = 61%), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2; n = 22, female = 59%), and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH; n = 39, female = 69%). All subjects completed a set of questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ). In narcoleptic subjects, questionnaire data were correlated with the Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS), and in subjects with idiopathic hypersomnia, with the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS). The highest correlation in narcoleptic subjects was found between NSS and ESS (r = 0.658; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), as well as FSS (r = 0.506; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), while in subjects with idiopathic hypersomnia, the most prominent positive correlations were found between IHSS and SIQ (r = 0.894; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), FSS (r = 0.812; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), HADS depression scale (r = 0.649; <i>p</i> = 0.0005), and HADS anxiety scale (r = 0.528; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). ESS showed an analogic correlation with disease severity (r = 0.606; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). HADS anxiety and depression scores were higher in females (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01), with similar results for FSS and SIQ scales (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both), and a trend toward higher ESS values in females (<i>p</i> = 0.057). Our study illustrates that more attention should be focused on pathophysiological mechanisms and associations of fatigue, depression, as well as sleep inertia in these diseases; they influence the course of both illnesses, particularly in women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:14:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eec5fbd5b82e4c009a4f837bf394284f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:14:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-eec5fbd5b82e4c009a4f837bf394284f2023-11-24T03:56:48ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-11-011211149110.3390/brainsci12111491Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in WomenSona Nevsimalova0Jelena Skibova1Karolina Galuskova2Iva Prihodova3Simona Dostalova4Eszter Maurovich-Horvat5Karel Šonka6Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, General University Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 128 00 Prague, Czech RepublicUnit of Statistics, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958, 140 21 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, General University Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 128 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, General University Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 128 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, General University Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 128 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, General University Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 128 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, General University Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 128 00 Prague, Czech RepublicFatigue, depression, and sleep inertia are frequently underdiagnosed manifestations in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Our cross-sectional study design included diagnostic interview accompanied by assessment instruments and aimed to explore how these factors influence disease severity as well as to elucidate any sex predisposition. One hundred and forty-eight subjects (female 63%) were divided into narcolepsy type 1 (NT1; n = 87, female = 61%), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2; n = 22, female = 59%), and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH; n = 39, female = 69%). All subjects completed a set of questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ). In narcoleptic subjects, questionnaire data were correlated with the Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS), and in subjects with idiopathic hypersomnia, with the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS). The highest correlation in narcoleptic subjects was found between NSS and ESS (r = 0.658; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), as well as FSS (r = 0.506; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), while in subjects with idiopathic hypersomnia, the most prominent positive correlations were found between IHSS and SIQ (r = 0.894; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), FSS (r = 0.812; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), HADS depression scale (r = 0.649; <i>p</i> = 0.0005), and HADS anxiety scale (r = 0.528; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). ESS showed an analogic correlation with disease severity (r = 0.606; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). HADS anxiety and depression scores were higher in females (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01), with similar results for FSS and SIQ scales (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both), and a trend toward higher ESS values in females (<i>p</i> = 0.057). Our study illustrates that more attention should be focused on pathophysiological mechanisms and associations of fatigue, depression, as well as sleep inertia in these diseases; they influence the course of both illnesses, particularly in women.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/11/1491narcolepsy type 1 and 2idiopathic hypersomniaexcessive daytime sleepinessdisease severityfatiguedepression |
| spellingShingle | Sona Nevsimalova Jelena Skibova Karolina Galuskova Iva Prihodova Simona Dostalova Eszter Maurovich-Horvat Karel Šonka Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women Brain Sciences narcolepsy type 1 and 2 idiopathic hypersomnia excessive daytime sleepiness disease severity fatigue depression |
| title | Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women |
| title_full | Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women |
| title_fullStr | Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women |
| title_short | Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: Association with Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Inertia Prevailing in Women |
| title_sort | central disorders of hypersomnolence association with fatigue depression and sleep inertia prevailing in women |
| topic | narcolepsy type 1 and 2 idiopathic hypersomnia excessive daytime sleepiness disease severity fatigue depression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/11/1491 |
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