Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms
Australia is the stronghold of the front-fanged venomous snake family Elapidae. The Australasian elapid snake radiation, which includes approximately 100 terrestrial species in Australia, as well as Melanesian species and all the world's true sea snakes, may be less than 12 million years old.....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/11/309 |
| _version_ | 1811307081347629056 |
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| author | Timothy N. W. Jackson Ivan Koludarov Syed A. Ali James Dobson Christina N. Zdenek Daniel Dashevsky Bianca op den Brouw Paul P. Masci Amanda Nouwens Peter Josh Jonathan Goldenberg Vittoria Cipriani Chris Hay Iwan Hendrikx Nathan Dunstan Luke Allen Bryan G. Fry |
| author_facet | Timothy N. W. Jackson Ivan Koludarov Syed A. Ali James Dobson Christina N. Zdenek Daniel Dashevsky Bianca op den Brouw Paul P. Masci Amanda Nouwens Peter Josh Jonathan Goldenberg Vittoria Cipriani Chris Hay Iwan Hendrikx Nathan Dunstan Luke Allen Bryan G. Fry |
| author_sort | Timothy N. W. Jackson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Australia is the stronghold of the front-fanged venomous snake family Elapidae. The Australasian elapid snake radiation, which includes approximately 100 terrestrial species in Australia, as well as Melanesian species and all the world's true sea snakes, may be less than 12 million years old.. The incredible phenotypic and ecological diversity of the clade is matched by considerable diversity in venom composition. The clade’s evolutionary youth and dynamic evolution should make it of particular interest to toxinologists, however, the majority of species, which are small, typically inoffensive, and seldom encountered by non-herpetologists, have been almost completely neglected by researchers. The present study investigates the venom composition of 28 species proteomically, revealing several interesting trends in venom composition, and reports, for the first time in elapid snakes, the existence of an ontogenetic shift in the venom composition and activity of brown snakes (Pseudonaja sp.). Trends in venom composition are compared to the snakes’ feeding ecology and the paper concludes with an extended discussion of the selection pressures shaping the evolution of snake venom. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:57:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eec65f861b134a8f92c0575d755a6e4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:57:10Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-eec65f861b134a8f92c0575d755a6e4c2022-12-22T02:53:15ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512016-10-0181130910.3390/toxins8110309toxins8110309Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake VenomsTimothy N. W. Jackson0Ivan Koludarov1Syed A. Ali2James Dobson3Christina N. Zdenek4Daniel Dashevsky5Bianca op den Brouw6Paul P. Masci7Amanda Nouwens8Peter Josh9Jonathan Goldenberg10Vittoria Cipriani11Chris Hay12Iwan Hendrikx13Nathan Dunstan14Luke Allen15Bryan G. Fry16Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaPrincess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaVenom Supplies, Tanunda, South Australia 5352, AustraliaVenom Supplies, Tanunda, South Australia 5352, AustraliaVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaAustralia is the stronghold of the front-fanged venomous snake family Elapidae. The Australasian elapid snake radiation, which includes approximately 100 terrestrial species in Australia, as well as Melanesian species and all the world's true sea snakes, may be less than 12 million years old.. The incredible phenotypic and ecological diversity of the clade is matched by considerable diversity in venom composition. The clade’s evolutionary youth and dynamic evolution should make it of particular interest to toxinologists, however, the majority of species, which are small, typically inoffensive, and seldom encountered by non-herpetologists, have been almost completely neglected by researchers. The present study investigates the venom composition of 28 species proteomically, revealing several interesting trends in venom composition, and reports, for the first time in elapid snakes, the existence of an ontogenetic shift in the venom composition and activity of brown snakes (Pseudonaja sp.). Trends in venom composition are compared to the snakes’ feeding ecology and the paper concludes with an extended discussion of the selection pressures shaping the evolution of snake venom.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/11/309venomelapidcoagulationproteomicsevolutionredundancy |
| spellingShingle | Timothy N. W. Jackson Ivan Koludarov Syed A. Ali James Dobson Christina N. Zdenek Daniel Dashevsky Bianca op den Brouw Paul P. Masci Amanda Nouwens Peter Josh Jonathan Goldenberg Vittoria Cipriani Chris Hay Iwan Hendrikx Nathan Dunstan Luke Allen Bryan G. Fry Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms Toxins venom elapid coagulation proteomics evolution redundancy |
| title | Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms |
| title_full | Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms |
| title_fullStr | Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms |
| title_short | Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms |
| title_sort | rapid radiations and the race to redundancy an investigation of the evolution of australian elapid snake venoms |
| topic | venom elapid coagulation proteomics evolution redundancy |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/11/309 |
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