Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider
Abstract Natural selection favors animals that evolve developmental and behavioral responses that buffer the negative effects of food restrictions. These buffering responses vary both between species and within species. Many studies have shown sex‐specific responses to environmental changes, usually...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8112 |
| _version_ | 1818891005228744704 |
|---|---|
| author | Qin Li Jing‐Xin Liu Bing Dong Rong Xiao Zhanqi Chen |
| author_facet | Qin Li Jing‐Xin Liu Bing Dong Rong Xiao Zhanqi Chen |
| author_sort | Qin Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Natural selection favors animals that evolve developmental and behavioral responses that buffer the negative effects of food restrictions. These buffering responses vary both between species and within species. Many studies have shown sex‐specific responses to environmental changes, usually in species with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), less found in species with weak or no SSD, which suggests that sizes of different sexes are experiencing different selections. However, previous studies usually investigated development and behavior separately, and the balanced situation where males and females of sexually dimorphic species respond in the same way to food restriction remains little known. Here, we investigated this in Phintelloides versicolor (Salticidae) that presents sexual dimorphism in color and shape but weak SSD. We examined whether food restriction induced the same responses in males and females in development duration, adult body size and weight, daily time allocated to foraging, and hunting. We found food restriction induced similar responses in both sexes: both exhibited longer development duration, smaller adult body size and weight, higher probability of staying outside nests and noticing prey immediately, and higher hunting success. However, there were sexual differences regardless of food condition: females showed faster development, smaller adult body size, higher probability of staying outside of nests, and higher hunting success. These indicated the differential selection on male and female sizes of P. versicolor could be under a balanced situation, where males and females show equal developmental and behavioral plasticity to environmental constraints. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T17:33:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eeccc8411660478a9060c6e243d93d39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T17:33:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-eeccc8411660478a9060c6e243d93d392022-12-21T20:12:23ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582021-10-011120140331404110.1002/ece3.8112Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spiderQin Li0Jing‐Xin Liu1Bing Dong2Rong Xiao3Zhanqi Chen4Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang ChinaEnvironmental Education Center Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla ChinaGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla ChinaAbstract Natural selection favors animals that evolve developmental and behavioral responses that buffer the negative effects of food restrictions. These buffering responses vary both between species and within species. Many studies have shown sex‐specific responses to environmental changes, usually in species with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), less found in species with weak or no SSD, which suggests that sizes of different sexes are experiencing different selections. However, previous studies usually investigated development and behavior separately, and the balanced situation where males and females of sexually dimorphic species respond in the same way to food restriction remains little known. Here, we investigated this in Phintelloides versicolor (Salticidae) that presents sexual dimorphism in color and shape but weak SSD. We examined whether food restriction induced the same responses in males and females in development duration, adult body size and weight, daily time allocated to foraging, and hunting. We found food restriction induced similar responses in both sexes: both exhibited longer development duration, smaller adult body size and weight, higher probability of staying outside nests and noticing prey immediately, and higher hunting success. However, there were sexual differences regardless of food condition: females showed faster development, smaller adult body size, higher probability of staying outside of nests, and higher hunting success. These indicated the differential selection on male and female sizes of P. versicolor could be under a balanced situation, where males and females show equal developmental and behavioral plasticity to environmental constraints.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8112fecundity selectionlife history traitssex rolesex‐specific responsesexual difference |
| spellingShingle | Qin Li Jing‐Xin Liu Bing Dong Rong Xiao Zhanqi Chen Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider Ecology and Evolution fecundity selection life history traits sex role sex‐specific response sexual difference |
| title | Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider |
| title_full | Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider |
| title_fullStr | Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider |
| title_short | Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider |
| title_sort | two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider |
| topic | fecundity selection life history traits sex role sex‐specific response sexual difference |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8112 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qinli twosexesrespondequallytofoodrestrictioninasexuallydimorphicbutnotbodymassdimorphicjumpingspider AT jingxinliu twosexesrespondequallytofoodrestrictioninasexuallydimorphicbutnotbodymassdimorphicjumpingspider AT bingdong twosexesrespondequallytofoodrestrictioninasexuallydimorphicbutnotbodymassdimorphicjumpingspider AT rongxiao twosexesrespondequallytofoodrestrictioninasexuallydimorphicbutnotbodymassdimorphicjumpingspider AT zhanqichen twosexesrespondequallytofoodrestrictioninasexuallydimorphicbutnotbodymassdimorphicjumpingspider |