The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application
Abstract Eukaryotic cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication. These vesicles encompass many bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are transported between cells and regulate pathophysiological actions in the recipient cell. Exosomes ori...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Cell & Bioscience |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-021-00537-0 |
| _version_ | 1818595473311662080 |
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| author | Jafar Rezaie Cynthia Aslan Mahdi Ahmadi Naime Majidi Zolbanin Fatah Kashanchi Reza Jafari |
| author_facet | Jafar Rezaie Cynthia Aslan Mahdi Ahmadi Naime Majidi Zolbanin Fatah Kashanchi Reza Jafari |
| author_sort | Jafar Rezaie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Eukaryotic cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication. These vesicles encompass many bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are transported between cells and regulate pathophysiological actions in the recipient cell. Exosomes originate from multivesicular bodies inside cells and microvesicles shed from the plasma membrane and participate in various pathological conditions. Retroviruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus -type 1 (HIV-1) and Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 engage exosomes for spreading and infection. Exosomes from virus-infected cells transfer viral components such as miRNAs and proteins that promote infection and inflammation. Additionally, these exosomes deliver virus receptors to target cells that make them susceptible to virus entry. HIV-1 infected cells release exosomes that contribute to the pathogenesis including neurological disorders and malignancy. Exosomes can also potentially carry out as a modern approach for the development of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 vaccines. Furthermore, as exosomes are present in most biological fluids, they hold the supreme capacity for clinical usage in the early diagnosis and prognosis of viral infection and associated diseases. Our current knowledge of exosomes' role from virus-infected cells may provide an avenue for efficient retroviruses associated with disease prevention. However, the exact mechanism involved in retroviruses infection/ inflammation remains elusive and related exosomes research will shed light on the mechanisms of pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:16:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eed0deeb4cea43b1a09024927c45acf6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-3701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:16:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell & Bioscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-eed0deeb4cea43b1a09024927c45acf62022-12-21T22:33:36ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012021-01-0111111510.1186/s13578-021-00537-0The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical applicationJafar Rezaie0Cynthia Aslan1Mahdi Ahmadi2Naime Majidi Zolbanin3Fatah Kashanchi4Reza Jafari5Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical SciencesImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical SciencesSchool of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason UniversitySolid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical SciencesAbstract Eukaryotic cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication. These vesicles encompass many bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are transported between cells and regulate pathophysiological actions in the recipient cell. Exosomes originate from multivesicular bodies inside cells and microvesicles shed from the plasma membrane and participate in various pathological conditions. Retroviruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus -type 1 (HIV-1) and Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 engage exosomes for spreading and infection. Exosomes from virus-infected cells transfer viral components such as miRNAs and proteins that promote infection and inflammation. Additionally, these exosomes deliver virus receptors to target cells that make them susceptible to virus entry. HIV-1 infected cells release exosomes that contribute to the pathogenesis including neurological disorders and malignancy. Exosomes can also potentially carry out as a modern approach for the development of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 vaccines. Furthermore, as exosomes are present in most biological fluids, they hold the supreme capacity for clinical usage in the early diagnosis and prognosis of viral infection and associated diseases. Our current knowledge of exosomes' role from virus-infected cells may provide an avenue for efficient retroviruses associated with disease prevention. However, the exact mechanism involved in retroviruses infection/ inflammation remains elusive and related exosomes research will shed light on the mechanisms of pathogenesis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-021-00537-0ExosomesExtracellular vesiclesHIV-1HTLV-1Retroviruses |
| spellingShingle | Jafar Rezaie Cynthia Aslan Mahdi Ahmadi Naime Majidi Zolbanin Fatah Kashanchi Reza Jafari The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application Cell & Bioscience Exosomes Extracellular vesicles HIV-1 HTLV-1 Retroviruses |
| title | The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application |
| title_full | The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application |
| title_fullStr | The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application |
| title_full_unstemmed | The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application |
| title_short | The versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections: from immunopathogenesis to clinical application |
| title_sort | versatile role of exosomes in human retroviral infections from immunopathogenesis to clinical application |
| topic | Exosomes Extracellular vesicles HIV-1 HTLV-1 Retroviruses |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-021-00537-0 |
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