Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change
A person’s body temperature is an important indicator of their health status. A deviation of that temperature by just 2 °C already has or can lead to serious consequences, such as fever or hypothermia. Hence, the development of a temperature-sensing and heatable yarn is an important step toward enab...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7076 |
| _version_ | 1797583312775020544 |
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| author | Theresa Junge Rike Brendgen Carsten Grassmann Thomas Weide Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer |
| author_facet | Theresa Junge Rike Brendgen Carsten Grassmann Thomas Weide Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer |
| author_sort | Theresa Junge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A person’s body temperature is an important indicator of their health status. A deviation of that temperature by just 2 °C already has or can lead to serious consequences, such as fever or hypothermia. Hence, the development of a temperature-sensing and heatable yarn is an important step toward enabling and improving the monitoring and regulation of a person’s body temperature. This technology offers benefits to several industries, such as health care and sports. This paper focuses on the characterization and development of a hybrid yarn, which can measure and visualize temperature changes through a thermoresistive and thermochromic effect. Moreover, the yarn is able to serve as a flexible heating element by connecting to a power source. The structure of the yarn is designed in three layers. Each layer and component ensures the functionality and flexibility of the yarn and additional compatibility with further processing steps. A flexible stainless steel core was used as the heat-sensitive and heat-conducting material. The layer of polyester wrapped around the stainless steel yarn improves the wearing comfort and serves as substrate material for the thermochromic coating. The resulting hybrid yarn has a reproducible sensory function and changes its resistance by 0.15 Ω between 20 and 60 °C for a length of 30 cm. In addition, the yarn has a uniform and reproducible heating power, so that temperature steps can be achieved at a defined length by selecting certain voltages. The thermochromic color change is clearly visible between 28 and 29 °C. Due to its textile structure, the hybrid sensory and actuating yarn can easily be incorporated into a woven fabric or into a textile by means of joining technology sewing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:36:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eed307cd844c4588a21f9e8afc47085e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:36:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-eed307cd844c4588a21f9e8afc47085e2023-11-19T02:56:28ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-08-012316707610.3390/s23167076Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color ChangeTheresa Junge0Rike Brendgen1Carsten Grassmann2Thomas Weide3Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer4Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, GermanyResearch Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, GermanyResearch Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, GermanyResearch Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, GermanyResearch Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, GermanyA person’s body temperature is an important indicator of their health status. A deviation of that temperature by just 2 °C already has or can lead to serious consequences, such as fever or hypothermia. Hence, the development of a temperature-sensing and heatable yarn is an important step toward enabling and improving the monitoring and regulation of a person’s body temperature. This technology offers benefits to several industries, such as health care and sports. This paper focuses on the characterization and development of a hybrid yarn, which can measure and visualize temperature changes through a thermoresistive and thermochromic effect. Moreover, the yarn is able to serve as a flexible heating element by connecting to a power source. The structure of the yarn is designed in three layers. Each layer and component ensures the functionality and flexibility of the yarn and additional compatibility with further processing steps. A flexible stainless steel core was used as the heat-sensitive and heat-conducting material. The layer of polyester wrapped around the stainless steel yarn improves the wearing comfort and serves as substrate material for the thermochromic coating. The resulting hybrid yarn has a reproducible sensory function and changes its resistance by 0.15 Ω between 20 and 60 °C for a length of 30 cm. In addition, the yarn has a uniform and reproducible heating power, so that temperature steps can be achieved at a defined length by selecting certain voltages. The thermochromic color change is clearly visible between 28 and 29 °C. Due to its textile structure, the hybrid sensory and actuating yarn can easily be incorporated into a woven fabric or into a textile by means of joining technology sewing.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7076flexible sensortemperatureheatingthermochromiccoatingwinding |
| spellingShingle | Theresa Junge Rike Brendgen Carsten Grassmann Thomas Weide Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change Sensors flexible sensor temperature heating thermochromic coating winding |
| title | Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change |
| title_full | Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change |
| title_fullStr | Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change |
| title_short | Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change |
| title_sort | development and characterization of hybrid temperature sensing and heating yarns with color change |
| topic | flexible sensor temperature heating thermochromic coating winding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7076 |
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