Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil
Abstract Background The growing production and use of engineered AgNP in industry and private households make increasing concentrations of AgNP in the environment unavoidable. Although we already know the harmful effects of AgNP on pivotal bacterial driven soil functions, information about the impac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Environmental Sciences Europe |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-018-0160-2 |
| _version_ | 1818825916289122304 |
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| author | Anna-Lena Grün Christoph Emmerling |
| author_facet | Anna-Lena Grün Christoph Emmerling |
| author_sort | Anna-Lena Grün |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The growing production and use of engineered AgNP in industry and private households make increasing concentrations of AgNP in the environment unavoidable. Although we already know the harmful effects of AgNP on pivotal bacterial driven soil functions, information about the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the soil bacterial community structure is rare. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on major soil bacterial phyla in a loamy soil. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of 1 year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. Effects were quantified using the taxon-specific 16S rRNA qPCR. Results The short-term exposure of AgNP at environmentally relevant concentration of 0.01 mg AgNP/kg caused significant positive effects on Acidobacteria (44.0%), Actinobacteria (21.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.6%), whereas beta-Proteobacteria population was minimized by 14.2% relative to the control (p ≤ 0.05). After 1 year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg diminished Acidobacteria (p = 0.007), Bacteroidetes (p = 0.005) and beta-Proteobacteria (p = 0.000) by 14.5, 10.1 and 13.9%, respectively. Actino- and alpha-Proteobacteria were statistically unaffected by AgNP treatments after 1-year exposure. Furthermore, a statistically significant regression and correlation analysis between silver toxicity and exposure time confirmed loamy soils as a sink for silver nanoparticles and their concomitant silver ions. Conclusions Even very low concentrations of AgNP may cause disadvantages for the autotrophic ammonia oxidation (nitrification), the organic carbon transformation and the chitin degradation in soils by exerting harmful effects on the liable bacterial phyla. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T00:19:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eed67ac62919403f98188e749135993d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-4707 2190-4715 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T00:19:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Sciences Europe |
| spelling | doaj.art-eed67ac62919403f98188e749135993d2022-12-21T20:45:37ZengSpringerOpenEnvironmental Sciences Europe2190-47072190-47152018-08-0130111310.1186/s12302-018-0160-2Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soilAnna-Lena Grün0Christoph Emmerling1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Science, University of TrierDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Science, University of TrierAbstract Background The growing production and use of engineered AgNP in industry and private households make increasing concentrations of AgNP in the environment unavoidable. Although we already know the harmful effects of AgNP on pivotal bacterial driven soil functions, information about the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the soil bacterial community structure is rare. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on major soil bacterial phyla in a loamy soil. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of 1 year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. Effects were quantified using the taxon-specific 16S rRNA qPCR. Results The short-term exposure of AgNP at environmentally relevant concentration of 0.01 mg AgNP/kg caused significant positive effects on Acidobacteria (44.0%), Actinobacteria (21.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.6%), whereas beta-Proteobacteria population was minimized by 14.2% relative to the control (p ≤ 0.05). After 1 year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg diminished Acidobacteria (p = 0.007), Bacteroidetes (p = 0.005) and beta-Proteobacteria (p = 0.000) by 14.5, 10.1 and 13.9%, respectively. Actino- and alpha-Proteobacteria were statistically unaffected by AgNP treatments after 1-year exposure. Furthermore, a statistically significant regression and correlation analysis between silver toxicity and exposure time confirmed loamy soils as a sink for silver nanoparticles and their concomitant silver ions. Conclusions Even very low concentrations of AgNP may cause disadvantages for the autotrophic ammonia oxidation (nitrification), the organic carbon transformation and the chitin degradation in soils by exerting harmful effects on the liable bacterial phyla.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-018-0160-2Silver NanoparticlesSoilBacteria phylaAcidobacteriaActinobacteriaBacteroidetes |
| spellingShingle | Anna-Lena Grün Christoph Emmerling Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil Environmental Sciences Europe Silver Nanoparticles Soil Bacteria phyla Acidobacteria Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes |
| title | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil |
| title_full | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil |
| title_fullStr | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil |
| title_short | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil |
| title_sort | long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil |
| topic | Silver Nanoparticles Soil Bacteria phyla Acidobacteria Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-018-0160-2 |
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