Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intestinal microbiota and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of feces. The first sample was collected within 48 h after birth, then once per...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.657349/full |
| _version_ | 1818641349445943296 |
|---|---|
| author | Xin Fu Siwen Li Yanfang Jiang Xintong Hu Hui Wu |
| author_facet | Xin Fu Siwen Li Yanfang Jiang Xintong Hu Hui Wu |
| author_sort | Xin Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intestinal microbiota and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of feces. The first sample was collected within 48 h after birth, then once per week until the NEC diagnosis, and finally 1–2 weeks after treatment or 28 days after birth.Results: The alpha diversity of the microbiota in the NEC group was higher than that in the control group. Beta diversity analysis showed that the control group had a higher similarity at the onset of NEC, while the NEC group was distributed in subgroups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size and taxonomic composition analyses indicated that the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria in NEC infants at birth was much higher than that in the control group, and this trend continued until NEC occurred. At this time, Rhizobiales, Dysgonomonas, Ochrobactrum, Ralstonia, Pelomonas, Acinetobacter, etc., were also more abundant in NEC infants. The upregulated different metabolic pathways in the NEC group were mainly concentrated on degradation/utilization/assimilation, biosynthesis, and generation of precursor metabolites and energy.Conclusions:1. The microbial community differs according to the time of NEC diagnosis (bounded by 20 days).2. No single microorganism is related to NEC, and the combined effect of multiple species is of great significance in the occurrence of NEC. Premature infants are easily affected by bacteria living in the environment, and compared with ordinary premature infants, NEC infants have a higher abundance of waterborne bacteria. Therefore, attention should be paid to the contamination of water sources and various ventilator pipelines for premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.3. An in-depth study of the mode of microbial colonization in premature infants combined with the different functions of various metabolic pathways involved in different microorganisms may be able to identify the cause of NEC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T23:25:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eee81f9635234d4a8ecf765a3afcfe79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T23:25:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-eee81f9635234d4a8ecf765a3afcfe792022-12-21T22:12:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602021-05-01910.3389/fped.2021.657349657349Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple SpeciesXin Fu0Siwen Li1Yanfang Jiang2Xintong Hu3Hui Wu4Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaGene Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaGene Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaBackground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intestinal microbiota and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of feces. The first sample was collected within 48 h after birth, then once per week until the NEC diagnosis, and finally 1–2 weeks after treatment or 28 days after birth.Results: The alpha diversity of the microbiota in the NEC group was higher than that in the control group. Beta diversity analysis showed that the control group had a higher similarity at the onset of NEC, while the NEC group was distributed in subgroups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size and taxonomic composition analyses indicated that the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria in NEC infants at birth was much higher than that in the control group, and this trend continued until NEC occurred. At this time, Rhizobiales, Dysgonomonas, Ochrobactrum, Ralstonia, Pelomonas, Acinetobacter, etc., were also more abundant in NEC infants. The upregulated different metabolic pathways in the NEC group were mainly concentrated on degradation/utilization/assimilation, biosynthesis, and generation of precursor metabolites and energy.Conclusions:1. The microbial community differs according to the time of NEC diagnosis (bounded by 20 days).2. No single microorganism is related to NEC, and the combined effect of multiple species is of great significance in the occurrence of NEC. Premature infants are easily affected by bacteria living in the environment, and compared with ordinary premature infants, NEC infants have a higher abundance of waterborne bacteria. Therefore, attention should be paid to the contamination of water sources and various ventilator pipelines for premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.3. An in-depth study of the mode of microbial colonization in premature infants combined with the different functions of various metabolic pathways involved in different microorganisms may be able to identify the cause of NEC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.657349/fullnecrotizing enterocolitisintestinal microbiota16S rRNApremature infantsnewbornrisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Xin Fu Siwen Li Yanfang Jiang Xintong Hu Hui Wu Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species Frontiers in Pediatrics necrotizing enterocolitis intestinal microbiota 16S rRNA premature infants newborn risk factors |
| title | Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species |
| title_full | Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species |
| title_fullStr | Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species |
| title_short | Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Intestinal Microbiota: The Timing of Disease and Combined Effects of Multiple Species |
| title_sort | necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal microbiota the timing of disease and combined effects of multiple species |
| topic | necrotizing enterocolitis intestinal microbiota 16S rRNA premature infants newborn risk factors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.657349/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinfu necrotizingenterocolitisandintestinalmicrobiotathetimingofdiseaseandcombinedeffectsofmultiplespecies AT siwenli necrotizingenterocolitisandintestinalmicrobiotathetimingofdiseaseandcombinedeffectsofmultiplespecies AT yanfangjiang necrotizingenterocolitisandintestinalmicrobiotathetimingofdiseaseandcombinedeffectsofmultiplespecies AT xintonghu necrotizingenterocolitisandintestinalmicrobiotathetimingofdiseaseandcombinedeffectsofmultiplespecies AT huiwu necrotizingenterocolitisandintestinalmicrobiotathetimingofdiseaseandcombinedeffectsofmultiplespecies |