The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities
Membrane pyrophosphatases (mPPases) found in plant vacuoles and some prokaryotes and protists are ancient cation pumps that couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis with the H<sup>+</sup> and/or Na<sup>+</sup> transport out of the cytoplasm. Because this function is reversible, mPPase...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9504 |
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| author | Alexander A. Baykov Viktor A. Anashkin Anssi M. Malinen Alexander V. Bogachev |
| author_facet | Alexander A. Baykov Viktor A. Anashkin Anssi M. Malinen Alexander V. Bogachev |
| author_sort | Alexander A. Baykov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Membrane pyrophosphatases (mPPases) found in plant vacuoles and some prokaryotes and protists are ancient cation pumps that couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis with the H<sup>+</sup> and/or Na<sup>+</sup> transport out of the cytoplasm. Because this function is reversible, mPPases play a role in maintaining the level of cytoplasmic pyrophosphate, a known regulator of numerous metabolic reactions. mPPases arouse interest because they are among the simplest membrane transporters and have no homologs among known ion pumps. Detailed phylogenetic studies have revealed various subtypes of mPPases and suggested their roles in the evolution of the “sodium” and “proton” bioenergetics. This treatise focuses on the mechanistic aspects of the transport reaction, namely, the coupling step, the role of the chemically produced proton, subunit cooperation, and the relationship between the proton and sodium ion transport. The available data identify H<sup>+</sup>-PPases as the first non-oxidoreductase pump with a “direct-coupling” mechanism, i.e., the transported proton is produced in the coupled chemical reaction. They also support a “billiard” hypothesis, which unifies the H<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> transport mechanisms in mPPase and, probably, other transporters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:18:28Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:18:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-eee8f2e797b04119b6c0ef0e5c7ff5f42023-12-03T13:50:39ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012316950410.3390/ijms23169504The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and ProbabilitiesAlexander A. Baykov0Viktor A. Anashkin1Anssi M. Malinen2Alexander V. Bogachev3Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, RussiaBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, RussiaDepartment of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, FinlandBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, RussiaMembrane pyrophosphatases (mPPases) found in plant vacuoles and some prokaryotes and protists are ancient cation pumps that couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis with the H<sup>+</sup> and/or Na<sup>+</sup> transport out of the cytoplasm. Because this function is reversible, mPPases play a role in maintaining the level of cytoplasmic pyrophosphate, a known regulator of numerous metabolic reactions. mPPases arouse interest because they are among the simplest membrane transporters and have no homologs among known ion pumps. Detailed phylogenetic studies have revealed various subtypes of mPPases and suggested their roles in the evolution of the “sodium” and “proton” bioenergetics. This treatise focuses on the mechanistic aspects of the transport reaction, namely, the coupling step, the role of the chemically produced proton, subunit cooperation, and the relationship between the proton and sodium ion transport. The available data identify H<sup>+</sup>-PPases as the first non-oxidoreductase pump with a “direct-coupling” mechanism, i.e., the transported proton is produced in the coupled chemical reaction. They also support a “billiard” hypothesis, which unifies the H<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> transport mechanisms in mPPase and, probably, other transporters.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9504membrane pyrophosphataseactive transportH<sup>+</sup> pumpNa<sup>+</sup> pumpenergy couplingdirect coupling |
| spellingShingle | Alexander A. Baykov Viktor A. Anashkin Anssi M. Malinen Alexander V. Bogachev The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities International Journal of Molecular Sciences membrane pyrophosphatase active transport H<sup>+</sup> pump Na<sup>+</sup> pump energy coupling direct coupling |
| title | The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities |
| title_full | The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities |
| title_fullStr | The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities |
| title_short | The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase—Possibilities and Probabilities |
| title_sort | mechanism of energy coupling in h sup sup na sup sup pumping membrane pyrophosphatase possibilities and probabilities |
| topic | membrane pyrophosphatase active transport H<sup>+</sup> pump Na<sup>+</sup> pump energy coupling direct coupling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9504 |
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