Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization
The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and worldwide necessitates the development of multiple vaccines to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic. Previously, we showed that a particulate adjuvant system, quil-A-loaded chitosan (QAC) nanoparticles, can elicit robust immunity combined with plasm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/2/132 |
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| author | Shaswath S. Chandrasekar Yashdeep Phanse Rachel E. Hildebrand Mostafa Hanafy Chia-Wei Wu Chungyi H. Hansen Jorge E. Osorio M. Suresh Adel M. Talaat |
| author_facet | Shaswath S. Chandrasekar Yashdeep Phanse Rachel E. Hildebrand Mostafa Hanafy Chia-Wei Wu Chungyi H. Hansen Jorge E. Osorio M. Suresh Adel M. Talaat |
| author_sort | Shaswath S. Chandrasekar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and worldwide necessitates the development of multiple vaccines to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic. Previously, we showed that a particulate adjuvant system, quil-A-loaded chitosan (QAC) nanoparticles, can elicit robust immunity combined with plasmid vaccines when used against avian coronavirus. Here, we report on the immune responses elicited by mucosal homologous plasmid and a heterologous immunization strategy using a plasmid vaccine and a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens. Only the heterologous intranasal immunization strategy elicited neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of mice, suggesting a protective vaccine. The same prime/boost strategy led to the induction of type 1 and type 17 T-cell responses and polyfunctional T-cells expressing multiple type 1 cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-2) in the lungs and spleens of vaccinated mice. In contrast, the plasmid homologous vaccine strategy led to the induction of local mono and polyfunctional T-cells secreting IFN-γ. Outcomes of this study support the potential of QAC-nano vaccines to elicit significant mucosal immune responses against respiratory coronaviruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eeeadbf544164332a0ec27977bbf7327 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-eeeadbf544164332a0ec27977bbf73272023-12-03T12:42:16ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-02-019213210.3390/vaccines9020132Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal ImmunizationShaswath S. Chandrasekar0Yashdeep Phanse1Rachel E. Hildebrand2Mostafa Hanafy3Chia-Wei Wu4Chungyi H. Hansen5Jorge E. Osorio6M. Suresh7Adel M. Talaat8Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAPan Genome Systems, Madison, WI 53719, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAThe rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and worldwide necessitates the development of multiple vaccines to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic. Previously, we showed that a particulate adjuvant system, quil-A-loaded chitosan (QAC) nanoparticles, can elicit robust immunity combined with plasmid vaccines when used against avian coronavirus. Here, we report on the immune responses elicited by mucosal homologous plasmid and a heterologous immunization strategy using a plasmid vaccine and a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens. Only the heterologous intranasal immunization strategy elicited neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of mice, suggesting a protective vaccine. The same prime/boost strategy led to the induction of type 1 and type 17 T-cell responses and polyfunctional T-cells expressing multiple type 1 cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-2) in the lungs and spleens of vaccinated mice. In contrast, the plasmid homologous vaccine strategy led to the induction of local mono and polyfunctional T-cells secreting IFN-γ. Outcomes of this study support the potential of QAC-nano vaccines to elicit significant mucosal immune responses against respiratory coronaviruses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/2/132SARS-CoV-2COVID-19intranasal vaccinenanovaccineheterologous vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Shaswath S. Chandrasekar Yashdeep Phanse Rachel E. Hildebrand Mostafa Hanafy Chia-Wei Wu Chungyi H. Hansen Jorge E. Osorio M. Suresh Adel M. Talaat Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 intranasal vaccine nanovaccine heterologous vaccine |
| title | Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization |
| title_full | Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization |
| title_fullStr | Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization |
| title_short | Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization |
| title_sort | localized and systemic immune responses against sars cov 2 following mucosal immunization |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 intranasal vaccine nanovaccine heterologous vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/2/132 |
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