Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows
ABSTRACT: A linear relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) has been reported in homeothermic animals, indicating that is possible to estimate heat production through HR measurements. This relationship may depend on the animal activity and environmental conditions. The main...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007111 |
| _version_ | 1797946400690929664 |
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| author | Daniel Talmón Mengting Zhou Mariana Carriquiry Andre J.A. Aarnink Walter J.J. Gerrits |
| author_facet | Daniel Talmón Mengting Zhou Mariana Carriquiry Andre J.A. Aarnink Walter J.J. Gerrits |
| author_sort | Daniel Talmón |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: A linear relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) has been reported in homeothermic animals, indicating that is possible to estimate heat production through HR measurements. This relationship may depend on the animal activity and environmental conditions. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the air temperature and animal posture and activity on heat production and VO2 in relation to HR. In addition, as a secondary objective, the energy cost of eating and ruminating versus idling and standing versus lying down was determined. Twelve Holstein lactating cows were housed inside climate-controlled respiration chambers for 8 d, where the air temperature was gradually increased from 7 to 21°C during the night and from 16 to 30°C during the day with daily increments of 2°C for both daytime and nighttime. During the 8-d data collection period, HR and gaseous exchange measurements were performed, and animal posture and activity were recorded continuously. The oxygen pulse (O2P), which represents the amount of oxygen that is consumed by the cow per heartbeat, was calculated as the ratio between VO2 and HR. Results showed that heat production and VO2 were linearly and positively associated with HR, but this relationship largely varied between individual cows. Within the range tested, O2P was unaffected by temperature, but we detected a tendency for an interaction of O2P with the temperature range tested during the night versus during the day. This indicates that the effect of air temperature on O2P is nonlinear. Standing and eating slightly increased O2P (1.0 and 2.5%) compared with lying down and idling, respectively, whereas rumination increased O2P by 5.1% compared with idling. It was concluded that the potential bias introduced by these effects on the O2P for the application of the technique is limited. The energy cost of eating and ruminating over idling was 223 ± 11 and 45 ± 6 kJ/kg0.75 per day, respectively, whereas the energy cost of standing over lying down was 53 ± 6 kJ/kg0.75 per day. We concluded that O2P in dairy cows was slightly affected by both animal posture and activity, but remained unaffected by air temperature within 8 to 32°C. Nonlinearity of the relationship between the O2P and air temperature suggests that caution is required extrapolating O2P beyond the temperature range evaluated in our experiment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:10:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eef7ed7a8bf84b04ac29ce1bca5f2484 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:10:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-eef7ed7a8bf84b04ac29ce1bca5f24842023-01-21T04:19:54ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022023-02-01106214751487Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cowsDaniel Talmón0Mengting Zhou1Mariana Carriquiry2Andre J.A. Aarnink3Walter J.J. Gerrits4Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la Republica, 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Corresponding authorFarm Technology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the NetherlandsDepartamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la Republica, 12900 Montevideo, UruguayFarm Technology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Livestock and Environment Group, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the NetherlandsAnimal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the NetherlandsABSTRACT: A linear relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) has been reported in homeothermic animals, indicating that is possible to estimate heat production through HR measurements. This relationship may depend on the animal activity and environmental conditions. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the air temperature and animal posture and activity on heat production and VO2 in relation to HR. In addition, as a secondary objective, the energy cost of eating and ruminating versus idling and standing versus lying down was determined. Twelve Holstein lactating cows were housed inside climate-controlled respiration chambers for 8 d, where the air temperature was gradually increased from 7 to 21°C during the night and from 16 to 30°C during the day with daily increments of 2°C for both daytime and nighttime. During the 8-d data collection period, HR and gaseous exchange measurements were performed, and animal posture and activity were recorded continuously. The oxygen pulse (O2P), which represents the amount of oxygen that is consumed by the cow per heartbeat, was calculated as the ratio between VO2 and HR. Results showed that heat production and VO2 were linearly and positively associated with HR, but this relationship largely varied between individual cows. Within the range tested, O2P was unaffected by temperature, but we detected a tendency for an interaction of O2P with the temperature range tested during the night versus during the day. This indicates that the effect of air temperature on O2P is nonlinear. Standing and eating slightly increased O2P (1.0 and 2.5%) compared with lying down and idling, respectively, whereas rumination increased O2P by 5.1% compared with idling. It was concluded that the potential bias introduced by these effects on the O2P for the application of the technique is limited. The energy cost of eating and ruminating over idling was 223 ± 11 and 45 ± 6 kJ/kg0.75 per day, respectively, whereas the energy cost of standing over lying down was 53 ± 6 kJ/kg0.75 per day. We concluded that O2P in dairy cows was slightly affected by both animal posture and activity, but remained unaffected by air temperature within 8 to 32°C. Nonlinearity of the relationship between the O2P and air temperature suggests that caution is required extrapolating O2P beyond the temperature range evaluated in our experiment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007111heart rate–oxygen pulse methodenergy expenditureclimate respiration chambersindirect calorimetry |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Talmón Mengting Zhou Mariana Carriquiry Andre J.A. Aarnink Walter J.J. Gerrits Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows Journal of Dairy Science heart rate–oxygen pulse method energy expenditure climate respiration chambers indirect calorimetry |
| title | Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows |
| title_full | Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows |
| title_fullStr | Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows |
| title_short | Effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production, heart rate, and oxygen pulse in lactating Holstein cows |
| title_sort | effect of animal activity and air temperature on heat production heart rate and oxygen pulse in lactating holstein cows |
| topic | heart rate–oxygen pulse method energy expenditure climate respiration chambers indirect calorimetry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007111 |
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