Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data
Because of its high market value, pumpkin seed oil is occasionally adulterated by cheaper refined oils, usually sunflower oil. The standard method for detecting its authenticity is based on expensive and laborious determination of the sterol composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/6/835 |
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| author | Sandra Balbino Dragutin Vincek Iva Trtanj Dunja Egređija Jasenka Gajdoš-Kljusurić Klara Kraljić Marko Obranović Dubravka Škevin |
| author_facet | Sandra Balbino Dragutin Vincek Iva Trtanj Dunja Egređija Jasenka Gajdoš-Kljusurić Klara Kraljić Marko Obranović Dubravka Škevin |
| author_sort | Sandra Balbino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Because of its high market value, pumpkin seed oil is occasionally adulterated by cheaper refined oils, usually sunflower oil. The standard method for detecting its authenticity is based on expensive and laborious determination of the sterol composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the sterol content and authenticity of retail oils labelled as pumpkin seed oil and also to investigate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and colourimetry in detecting adulteration. The results show that due to the significant decrease in Δ7-sterols and increase in Δ5-sterols, 48% of the analysed oils can be declared as adulterated blends of pumpkin seed and sunflower oil. Significant differences in NIR spectroscopy data, in the range of 904–922 nm and 1675–1699 nm, and colourimetric data were found between the control pumpkin seed oil and sunflower oil, but only the NIR method had the potential to detect the authenticity of pumpkin seed oil, which was confirmed by principal component analysis. Orthogonal projection on latent structures (OPLS) discriminant analysis, resulted in working classification models that were able to discriminate pure and adulterated oil. OPLS models based on NIR spectra were also able to successfully predict the content of β-sitosterol and Δ7,22-stigmastadienol in the analysed oils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:51:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef0696046cb14de88304f217f7206149 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:51:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef0696046cb14de88304f217f72061492023-11-24T01:10:38ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-03-0111683510.3390/foods11060835Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy DataSandra Balbino0Dragutin Vincek1Iva Trtanj2Dunja Egređija3Jasenka Gajdoš-Kljusurić4Klara Kraljić5Marko Obranović6Dubravka Škevin7Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Agriculture, Varazdin County, Franjevački trg 7, 42000 Varaždin, CroatiaPodravka Inc., Ante Starčevića 32, 48000 Koprivnica, CroatiaLedo plus Ltd., Marijana Čavića 9, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaBecause of its high market value, pumpkin seed oil is occasionally adulterated by cheaper refined oils, usually sunflower oil. The standard method for detecting its authenticity is based on expensive and laborious determination of the sterol composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the sterol content and authenticity of retail oils labelled as pumpkin seed oil and also to investigate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and colourimetry in detecting adulteration. The results show that due to the significant decrease in Δ7-sterols and increase in Δ5-sterols, 48% of the analysed oils can be declared as adulterated blends of pumpkin seed and sunflower oil. Significant differences in NIR spectroscopy data, in the range of 904–922 nm and 1675–1699 nm, and colourimetric data were found between the control pumpkin seed oil and sunflower oil, but only the NIR method had the potential to detect the authenticity of pumpkin seed oil, which was confirmed by principal component analysis. Orthogonal projection on latent structures (OPLS) discriminant analysis, resulted in working classification models that were able to discriminate pure and adulterated oil. OPLS models based on NIR spectra were also able to successfully predict the content of β-sitosterol and Δ7,22-stigmastadienol in the analysed oils.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/6/835pumpkin seed oiladulterationNIRcolourimetryOPLS |
| spellingShingle | Sandra Balbino Dragutin Vincek Iva Trtanj Dunja Egređija Jasenka Gajdoš-Kljusurić Klara Kraljić Marko Obranović Dubravka Škevin Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data Foods pumpkin seed oil adulteration NIR colourimetry OPLS |
| title | Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data |
| title_full | Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data |
| title_short | Assessment of Pumpkin Seed Oil Adulteration Supported by Multivariate Analysis: Comparison of GC-MS, Colourimetry and NIR Spectroscopy Data |
| title_sort | assessment of pumpkin seed oil adulteration supported by multivariate analysis comparison of gc ms colourimetry and nir spectroscopy data |
| topic | pumpkin seed oil adulteration NIR colourimetry OPLS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/6/835 |
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