Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide emergency, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not encode proteins but could participate in immune response.Methods: In our study, 39 COVID-19 patients were enrolled....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.835590/full |
| _version_ | 1818275526687588352 |
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| author | Yongting Zhang Fan Shi Yuchong Wang Yuting Meng Qiong Zhang Kaihang Wang Ping Zeng Hongyan Diao |
| author_facet | Yongting Zhang Fan Shi Yuchong Wang Yuting Meng Qiong Zhang Kaihang Wang Ping Zeng Hongyan Diao |
| author_sort | Yongting Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide emergency, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not encode proteins but could participate in immune response.Methods: In our study, 39 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The microarray of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy and COVID-19 patients was applied to identify the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs. Identified differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Then, the lncRNA–mRNA network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape (3.6.1) based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. The enrichment of DE mRNAs was analyzed using Metascape. The difference in frequencies of immune cells and cytokines was detected using CIBERSORT and ImmPort based on DE mRNAs.Results: All patients with COVID-19 displayed lymphopenia, especially in T cells, and hyper-inflammatory responses, including IL-6 and TNF-α. Four immune-related lncRNAs in COVID-19 were found and further validated, including AC136475.9, CATG00000032642.1, G004246, and XLOC_013290. Functional analysis enriched in downregulation of the T-cell receptor and the antigen processing and presentation as well as increased apoptotic proteins, which could lead to T-cell cytopenia. In addition, they participated in monocyte remodeling, which contributed to releasing cytokines and chemokines and then recruiting more monocytes and aggravating the clinical severity of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: Taken together, four lncRNAs were in part of immune response in COVID-19, which was involved in the T-cell cytopenia by downregulating the antigen processing and presentation, the T-cell receptor, and an increased proportion of monocytes, with a distinct change in cytokines and chemokines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:31:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef14b196f16445619cde3628afe75e16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:31:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef14b196f16445619cde3628afe75e162022-12-22T00:09:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2022-04-01910.3389/fmolb.2022.835590835590Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19Yongting ZhangFan ShiYuchong WangYuting MengQiong ZhangKaihang WangPing ZengHongyan DiaoBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide emergency, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not encode proteins but could participate in immune response.Methods: In our study, 39 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The microarray of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy and COVID-19 patients was applied to identify the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs. Identified differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Then, the lncRNA–mRNA network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape (3.6.1) based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. The enrichment of DE mRNAs was analyzed using Metascape. The difference in frequencies of immune cells and cytokines was detected using CIBERSORT and ImmPort based on DE mRNAs.Results: All patients with COVID-19 displayed lymphopenia, especially in T cells, and hyper-inflammatory responses, including IL-6 and TNF-α. Four immune-related lncRNAs in COVID-19 were found and further validated, including AC136475.9, CATG00000032642.1, G004246, and XLOC_013290. Functional analysis enriched in downregulation of the T-cell receptor and the antigen processing and presentation as well as increased apoptotic proteins, which could lead to T-cell cytopenia. In addition, they participated in monocyte remodeling, which contributed to releasing cytokines and chemokines and then recruiting more monocytes and aggravating the clinical severity of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: Taken together, four lncRNAs were in part of immune response in COVID-19, which was involved in the T-cell cytopenia by downregulating the antigen processing and presentation, the T-cell receptor, and an increased proportion of monocytes, with a distinct change in cytokines and chemokines.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.835590/fullCOVID-19lncRNAPBMCT-cellmonocyte |
| spellingShingle | Yongting Zhang Fan Shi Yuchong Wang Yuting Meng Qiong Zhang Kaihang Wang Ping Zeng Hongyan Diao Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19 Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences COVID-19 lncRNA PBMC T-cell monocyte |
| title | Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19 |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19 |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19 |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of long non coding rna expression and immune response in mild and severe covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 lncRNA PBMC T-cell monocyte |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.835590/full |
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