Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites
The introduction of natural fibers as a filler in a natural rubber (NR) matrix can be of relevance for their eco-friendly and sustainable nature as the substitute for carbon-based fillers. In this work, short <i>Phormium tenax</i> fibers were introduced in random orientation into a NR ma...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/9/2/11 |
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| author | Sivasubramanian Palanisamy Kalimuthu Mayandi Murugesan Palaniappan Azeez Alavudeen Nagarajan Rajini Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo Carlo Santulli |
| author_facet | Sivasubramanian Palanisamy Kalimuthu Mayandi Murugesan Palaniappan Azeez Alavudeen Nagarajan Rajini Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo Carlo Santulli |
| author_sort | Sivasubramanian Palanisamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The introduction of natural fibers as a filler in a natural rubber (NR) matrix can be of relevance for their eco-friendly and sustainable nature as the substitute for carbon-based fillers. In this work, short <i>Phormium tenax</i> fibers were introduced in random orientation into a NR matrix in different lengths (6, 10, and 14 mm) and various amounts (10, 20, and 30%, taking 100 as the NR weight). The composite was fabricated using a two-roll mill according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3184-11 standard. Several properties were determined, namely tensile and tear characteristics, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The results suggest that the shortest fiber length used, 6 mm, offered the best combination between loss of mechanical (tensile and tear) properties and hardness and the most acceptable resistance to abrasion, with the properties increasing with the amount of fibers present in NR. As a consequence, it is indicated that a higher amount of fibers could be possibly introduced, especially to achieve harder composites, though this would require a more controlled mixing process not excessively reducing tensile elongation at break. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:16:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef1680fab0f4471f8a01548aebd834d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6439 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:16:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fibers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef1680fab0f4471f8a01548aebd834d72023-12-03T11:53:49ZengMDPI AGFibers2079-64392021-02-01921110.3390/fib9020011Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber CompositesSivasubramanian Palanisamy0Kalimuthu Mayandi1Murugesan Palaniappan2Azeez Alavudeen3Nagarajan Rajini4Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo5Carlo Santulli6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankovil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu 626128, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankovil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu 626128, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankovil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu 626128, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankovil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu 626128, IndiaPost-Graduation Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-190, BrazilSchool of Science and Technology, Geology Section, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, ItalyThe introduction of natural fibers as a filler in a natural rubber (NR) matrix can be of relevance for their eco-friendly and sustainable nature as the substitute for carbon-based fillers. In this work, short <i>Phormium tenax</i> fibers were introduced in random orientation into a NR matrix in different lengths (6, 10, and 14 mm) and various amounts (10, 20, and 30%, taking 100 as the NR weight). The composite was fabricated using a two-roll mill according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3184-11 standard. Several properties were determined, namely tensile and tear characteristics, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The results suggest that the shortest fiber length used, 6 mm, offered the best combination between loss of mechanical (tensile and tear) properties and hardness and the most acceptable resistance to abrasion, with the properties increasing with the amount of fibers present in NR. As a consequence, it is indicated that a higher amount of fibers could be possibly introduced, especially to achieve harder composites, though this would require a more controlled mixing process not excessively reducing tensile elongation at break.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/9/2/11abrasionfiber lengthhardnessmechanical propertiesrubber compositeuntreated Phormium tenax |
| spellingShingle | Sivasubramanian Palanisamy Kalimuthu Mayandi Murugesan Palaniappan Azeez Alavudeen Nagarajan Rajini Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo Carlo Santulli Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites Fibers abrasion fiber length hardness mechanical properties rubber composite untreated Phormium tenax |
| title | Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites |
| title_full | Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites |
| title_short | Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites |
| title_sort | mechanical properties of phormium tenax reinforced natural rubber composites |
| topic | abrasion fiber length hardness mechanical properties rubber composite untreated Phormium tenax |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/9/2/11 |
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