The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia
Introduction: The in vivo tibial loading mouse model has been extensively used to evaluate bone adaptation in the tibia after mechanical loading treatment. However, there is a prevailing assumption that the load is applied axially to the tibia. The aim of this in silico study was to evaluate how muc...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1335955/full |
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| author | Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Vee San Cheong Vee San Cheong Vee San Cheong Edmund Pickering Edmund Pickering Peter Pivonka Peter Pivonka Ilaria Bellantuono Ilaria Bellantuono Visakan Kadirkamanathan Visakan Kadirkamanathan Enrico Dall’Ara Enrico Dall’Ara Enrico Dall’Ara |
| author_facet | Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Vee San Cheong Vee San Cheong Vee San Cheong Edmund Pickering Edmund Pickering Peter Pivonka Peter Pivonka Ilaria Bellantuono Ilaria Bellantuono Visakan Kadirkamanathan Visakan Kadirkamanathan Enrico Dall’Ara Enrico Dall’Ara Enrico Dall’Ara |
| author_sort | Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The in vivo tibial loading mouse model has been extensively used to evaluate bone adaptation in the tibia after mechanical loading treatment. However, there is a prevailing assumption that the load is applied axially to the tibia. The aim of this in silico study was to evaluate how much the apparent mechanical properties of the mouse tibia are affected by the loading direction, by using a validated micro-finite element (micro-FE) model of mice which have been ovariectomized and exposed to external mechanical loading over a two-week period.Methods: Longitudinal micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were taken of the tibiae of eleven ovariectomized mice at ages 18 and 20 weeks. Six of the mice underwent a mechanical loading treatment at age 19 weeks. Micro-FE models were generated, based on the segmented micro-CT images. Three models using unitary loads were linearly combined to simulate a range of loading directions, generated as a function of the angle from the inferior-superior axis (θ, 0°–30° range, 5° steps) and the angle from the anterior-posterior axis (ϕ, 0°: anterior axis, positive anticlockwise, 0°–355° range, 5° steps). The minimum principal strain was calculated and used to estimate the failure load, by linearly scaling the strain until 10% of the nodes reached the critical strain level of −14,420 με. The apparent bone stiffness was calculated as the ratio between the axial applied force and the average displacement along the longitudinal direction, for the loaded nodes.Results: The results demonstrated a high sensitivity of the mouse tibia to the loading direction across all groups and time points. Higher failure loads were found for several loading directions (θ = 10°, ϕ 205°–210°) than for the nominal axial case (θ = 0°, ϕ = 0°), highlighting adaptation of the bone for loading directions far from the nominal axial one.Conclusion: These results suggest that in studies which use mouse tibia, the loading direction can significantly impact the failure load. Thus, the magnitude and direction of the applied load should be well controlled during the experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:28:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef1cf1735a85466e9569e84c6a79f157 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:28:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef1cf1735a85466e9569e84c6a79f1572024-02-06T09:46:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852024-02-011210.3389/fbioe.2024.13359551335955The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibiaSaira Mary Farage-O’Reilly0Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly1Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly2Vee San Cheong3Vee San Cheong4Vee San Cheong5Edmund Pickering6Edmund Pickering7Peter Pivonka8Peter Pivonka9Ilaria Bellantuono10Ilaria Bellantuono11Visakan Kadirkamanathan12Visakan Kadirkamanathan13Enrico Dall’Ara14Enrico Dall’Ara15Enrico Dall’Ara16Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomHealthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDivision of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomInsigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomFuture Health Technologies Programme, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomSchool of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaCentre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaCentre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaHealthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDivision of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomInsigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDepartment of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomInsigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomHealthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDivision of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomIntroduction: The in vivo tibial loading mouse model has been extensively used to evaluate bone adaptation in the tibia after mechanical loading treatment. However, there is a prevailing assumption that the load is applied axially to the tibia. The aim of this in silico study was to evaluate how much the apparent mechanical properties of the mouse tibia are affected by the loading direction, by using a validated micro-finite element (micro-FE) model of mice which have been ovariectomized and exposed to external mechanical loading over a two-week period.Methods: Longitudinal micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were taken of the tibiae of eleven ovariectomized mice at ages 18 and 20 weeks. Six of the mice underwent a mechanical loading treatment at age 19 weeks. Micro-FE models were generated, based on the segmented micro-CT images. Three models using unitary loads were linearly combined to simulate a range of loading directions, generated as a function of the angle from the inferior-superior axis (θ, 0°–30° range, 5° steps) and the angle from the anterior-posterior axis (ϕ, 0°: anterior axis, positive anticlockwise, 0°–355° range, 5° steps). The minimum principal strain was calculated and used to estimate the failure load, by linearly scaling the strain until 10% of the nodes reached the critical strain level of −14,420 με. The apparent bone stiffness was calculated as the ratio between the axial applied force and the average displacement along the longitudinal direction, for the loaded nodes.Results: The results demonstrated a high sensitivity of the mouse tibia to the loading direction across all groups and time points. Higher failure loads were found for several loading directions (θ = 10°, ϕ 205°–210°) than for the nominal axial case (θ = 0°, ϕ = 0°), highlighting adaptation of the bone for loading directions far from the nominal axial one.Conclusion: These results suggest that in studies which use mouse tibia, the loading direction can significantly impact the failure load. Thus, the magnitude and direction of the applied load should be well controlled during the experiments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1335955/fullmicro-FEmicro-CTbone strengthloading directionmechanical loadingovariectomy |
| spellingShingle | Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Saira Mary Farage-O’Reilly Vee San Cheong Vee San Cheong Vee San Cheong Edmund Pickering Edmund Pickering Peter Pivonka Peter Pivonka Ilaria Bellantuono Ilaria Bellantuono Visakan Kadirkamanathan Visakan Kadirkamanathan Enrico Dall’Ara Enrico Dall’Ara Enrico Dall’Ara The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology micro-FE micro-CT bone strength loading direction mechanical loading ovariectomy |
| title | The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia |
| title_full | The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia |
| title_fullStr | The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia |
| title_short | The loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia |
| title_sort | loading direction dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia |
| topic | micro-FE micro-CT bone strength loading direction mechanical loading ovariectomy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1335955/full |
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