Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts
Broccoli sprouts are rich in health-promoting bioactive compounds. Their content depends on both cultivation light quality and temperature. However, these effects have been previously addressed in isolation. Here, the dual inputs of cultivation light quality [blue (B), red (R), mixture of R and B (R...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2139 |
| _version_ | 1797511604602929152 |
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| author | Li Yang Dimitrios Fanourakis Georgios Tsaniklidis Kun Li Qichang Yang Tao Li |
| author_facet | Li Yang Dimitrios Fanourakis Georgios Tsaniklidis Kun Li Qichang Yang Tao Li |
| author_sort | Li Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Broccoli sprouts are rich in health-promoting bioactive compounds. Their content depends on both cultivation light quality and temperature. However, these effects have been previously addressed in isolation. Here, the dual inputs of cultivation light quality [blue (B), red (R), mixture of R and B (R+B), mixture of R and UVA (R+UVA)] and air temperature (15, 19, and 23 °C) on determining growth, external quality, and the cotyledon and hypocotyl content of five major bioactive compounds were investigated. The carbohydrate status at harvest and postharvest ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>) were also assessed. Hypocotyl length was generally enhanced under monochromatic light (R or B) and elevated temperature. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, and glucoraphanin contents were generally higher in cotyledon as compared to hypocotyl. Hypocotyl anthocyanin, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents were generally enhanced by R+B, and were decreased by R. Cotyledon content in these metabolites was generally stimulated by B, and reduced under R or R+UVA. Temperature affected metabolite content depending on the metabolite, organ, and light quality. Lower temperatures, R (23 °C) or R+UVA (15, 19, and 23 °C) were associated with decreased postharvest F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>. In conclusion, low cultivation temperature (<23 °C), as well as R or R+UVA ought to be avoided. Instead, B and R+B are suitable, with B being preferable, owing to better external quality and enhanced metabolite content in cotyledon which generally holds higher content than hypocotyl. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:48:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef1d4df2638348409316949894bb1d5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:48:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef1d4df2638348409316949894bb1d5c2023-11-22T22:01:06ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-10-011111213910.3390/agronomy11112139Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli SproutsLi Yang0Dimitrios Fanourakis1Georgios Tsaniklidis2Kun Li3Qichang Yang4Tao Li5Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaLaboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Specialization of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Landscape and Environment, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, 73134 Chania, GreeceInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaBroccoli sprouts are rich in health-promoting bioactive compounds. Their content depends on both cultivation light quality and temperature. However, these effects have been previously addressed in isolation. Here, the dual inputs of cultivation light quality [blue (B), red (R), mixture of R and B (R+B), mixture of R and UVA (R+UVA)] and air temperature (15, 19, and 23 °C) on determining growth, external quality, and the cotyledon and hypocotyl content of five major bioactive compounds were investigated. The carbohydrate status at harvest and postharvest ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>) were also assessed. Hypocotyl length was generally enhanced under monochromatic light (R or B) and elevated temperature. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, and glucoraphanin contents were generally higher in cotyledon as compared to hypocotyl. Hypocotyl anthocyanin, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents were generally enhanced by R+B, and were decreased by R. Cotyledon content in these metabolites was generally stimulated by B, and reduced under R or R+UVA. Temperature affected metabolite content depending on the metabolite, organ, and light quality. Lower temperatures, R (23 °C) or R+UVA (15, 19, and 23 °C) were associated with decreased postharvest F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>. In conclusion, low cultivation temperature (<23 °C), as well as R or R+UVA ought to be avoided. Instead, B and R+B are suitable, with B being preferable, owing to better external quality and enhanced metabolite content in cotyledon which generally holds higher content than hypocotyl.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2139anthocyaninsascorbic acid<i>Brassica oleracea</i>flavonoidsglucoraphaninpolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Li Yang Dimitrios Fanourakis Georgios Tsaniklidis Kun Li Qichang Yang Tao Li Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts Agronomy anthocyanins ascorbic acid <i>Brassica oleracea</i> flavonoids glucoraphanin polyphenols |
| title | Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts |
| title_full | Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts |
| title_fullStr | Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts |
| title_short | Contrary to Red, Blue Monochromatic Light Improves the Bioactive Compound Content in Broccoli Sprouts |
| title_sort | contrary to red blue monochromatic light improves the bioactive compound content in broccoli sprouts |
| topic | anthocyanins ascorbic acid <i>Brassica oleracea</i> flavonoids glucoraphanin polyphenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2139 |
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