In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution. Acute and severe toxoplasmosis are commonly reported in patients who suffer from acquired/congenital immune deficiency. This study aimed to synthesize mannosylated paromomycin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PM-SL...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00033/full |
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| author | Mojdeh Khosravi Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi Delaram Doroud Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi Hamed Mirjalali Mohammad Reza Zali |
| author_facet | Mojdeh Khosravi Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi Delaram Doroud Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi Hamed Mirjalali Mohammad Reza Zali |
| author_sort | Mojdeh Khosravi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution. Acute and severe toxoplasmosis are commonly reported in patients who suffer from acquired/congenital immune deficiency. This study aimed to synthesize mannosylated paromomycin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PM-SLN-M) and to evaluate them on acute toxoplasmosis. SLN was synthesized and then loaded by 7 mg/mL paromomycin sodium. Mannose coating was performed, and after washing, the size, zeta potential, and loading percentage were calculated. To evaluate the cell toxicity, an MTT assay was performed on Vero cells by different concentrations (log 10−1) of SLN, PM-SLN-M, and PM-SLN. In addition, the anti-Toxoplasma effects were also evaluated using trypan-blue staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An MTT assay was also employed to evaluate the effects of PM and PM-SLN-M on intracellular Toxoplasma. A 6-month stability test of PM-SLN and PM-SLN-M represented that the characteristics all remained constant. The cell viability assay demonstrated that PM-SLN-M had lower cell toxicity (<20%) compared to PM-SLN (<30%) and PM (<40%). Statistical analysis showed that PM-SLN-M significantly killed ~97.555 ± 0.629 (95% CI: 91.901 to 103.209; P < 0.05) of T. gondii tachyzoites. More than 50% of Toxoplasma-infected Vero cells remained viable in concentrations more than 0.07 μg/mL and 7 μg/mL of PM and PM-SLN-M, respectively. SEM analysis showed that T. gondii tachyzoites were changed in both size and morphology facing with PM-SLN-M. Our findings indicated that synthesized PM-SLN-M had anti-Toxoplasma activity without significant host cell toxicity at the highest concentration. Our study demonstrated that PM was able to kill intracellular Toxoplasma in lower concentration in comparison to PM-SLN-M, although PM-SLN-M showed lower cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:06:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef2bd27ecbc74cb885f0b5211720100c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:06:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef2bd27ecbc74cb885f0b5211720100c2022-12-21T23:42:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-02-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.00033514315In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute ToxoplasmosisMojdeh Khosravi0Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi1Delaram Doroud2Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi3Hamed Mirjalali4Mohammad Reza Zali5Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRegulatory Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranToxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution. Acute and severe toxoplasmosis are commonly reported in patients who suffer from acquired/congenital immune deficiency. This study aimed to synthesize mannosylated paromomycin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PM-SLN-M) and to evaluate them on acute toxoplasmosis. SLN was synthesized and then loaded by 7 mg/mL paromomycin sodium. Mannose coating was performed, and after washing, the size, zeta potential, and loading percentage were calculated. To evaluate the cell toxicity, an MTT assay was performed on Vero cells by different concentrations (log 10−1) of SLN, PM-SLN-M, and PM-SLN. In addition, the anti-Toxoplasma effects were also evaluated using trypan-blue staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An MTT assay was also employed to evaluate the effects of PM and PM-SLN-M on intracellular Toxoplasma. A 6-month stability test of PM-SLN and PM-SLN-M represented that the characteristics all remained constant. The cell viability assay demonstrated that PM-SLN-M had lower cell toxicity (<20%) compared to PM-SLN (<30%) and PM (<40%). Statistical analysis showed that PM-SLN-M significantly killed ~97.555 ± 0.629 (95% CI: 91.901 to 103.209; P < 0.05) of T. gondii tachyzoites. More than 50% of Toxoplasma-infected Vero cells remained viable in concentrations more than 0.07 μg/mL and 7 μg/mL of PM and PM-SLN-M, respectively. SEM analysis showed that T. gondii tachyzoites were changed in both size and morphology facing with PM-SLN-M. Our findings indicated that synthesized PM-SLN-M had anti-Toxoplasma activity without significant host cell toxicity at the highest concentration. Our study demonstrated that PM was able to kill intracellular Toxoplasma in lower concentration in comparison to PM-SLN-M, although PM-SLN-M showed lower cytotoxic effects on Vero cells.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00033/fullToxoplasma gondiiacute toxoplasmosisparomomycinmannosylationsolid lipid nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Mojdeh Khosravi Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi Delaram Doroud Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi Hamed Mirjalali Mohammad Reza Zali In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Toxoplasma gondii acute toxoplasmosis paromomycin mannosylation solid lipid nanoparticles |
| title | In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis |
| title_full | In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis |
| title_fullStr | In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis |
| title_short | In vitro Evaluation of Mannosylated Paromomycin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis |
| title_sort | in vitro evaluation of mannosylated paromomycin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on acute toxoplasmosis |
| topic | Toxoplasma gondii acute toxoplasmosis paromomycin mannosylation solid lipid nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00033/full |
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