| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis often presents as a severe chronic inflammation associated with pain, fever, and leukocytosis. It may mimic carcinoma in the involved organs.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 50-year-old post-menopausal woman presented with a 2 year history of increasing swelling in the extensor aspect of her right forearm. Plain X-ray revealed an ill-defined expansile osteolytic lesion in the diaphysis of ulna. The gross, microscopic and ultrastructure findings of the curettage specimen was consistent with xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case highlights the rare occurrence of xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis involving ulna, which can mimic as a primary or secondary bone tumors. A correct diagnosis can only be made on histopathological examination.</p>
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