Exploring within- and between-effects of the factors influencing off-farm work decisions in Switzerland
We examine the determinants of off-farm work in Swiss agriculture between 2003 and 2013. By differentiating between the between-farm effects and the within-farm effects, our model provides new insights into the labour allocation process as compared with standard cross-sectional or panel data models....
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Agricultural Economics (AGRICECON) |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/age-202310-0004_exploring-within-and-between-effects-of-the-factors-influencing-off-farm-work-decisions-in-switzerland.php |
| Summary: | We examine the determinants of off-farm work in Swiss agriculture between 2003 and 2013. By differentiating between the between-farm effects and the within-farm effects, our model provides new insights into the labour allocation process as compared with standard cross-sectional or panel data models. As regards the between-farm variations, our results show that younger farm families without children and farm households with higher non-agricultural education levels of both the farmer and the partner are more involved in working activities outside the farm. However, the within-farm time effects provided a more differentiated picture: impacts of changes in most variables over time tended to be smaller, and in case of two variables show opposite directions. In addition to a negative between-effect of farm income on the allocation of off-farm labour, our results on within-farm effects suggest that an increase in farm income per annual family work unit could be compatible with a higher share of off-farm work during the analysed period. |
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| ISSN: | 0139-570X 1805-9295 |