Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid
Although smoke-isolated karrikins (KAR<sub>1</sub>) could regulate secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, the signal transduction mechanism has not been reported. This study highlights the influence of KAR<sub>1</sub> on tanshinone I (T-I) production in <i>Salvia mil...
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MDPI AG
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1229 |
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| author | Jie Zhou Zi-xin Xu Hui Sun Lan-ping Guo |
| author_facet | Jie Zhou Zi-xin Xu Hui Sun Lan-ping Guo |
| author_sort | Jie Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although smoke-isolated karrikins (KAR<sub>1</sub>) could regulate secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, the signal transduction mechanism has not been reported. This study highlights the influence of KAR<sub>1</sub> on tanshinone I (T-I) production in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> and the involved signal molecules. Results showed KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced generation of nitric oxide (NO), jasmonic acid (JA) and T-I in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> hairy root. KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced increase of T-I was suppressed by NO-specific scavenger (cPTIO) and NOS inhibitors (PBITU); JA synthesis inhibitor (SHAM) and JA synthesis inhibitor (PrGall), which indicated that NO and JA play essential roles in KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced T-I. NO inhibitors inhibited KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced generation of NO and JA, suggesting NO was located upstream of JA signal pathway. NO-induced T-I production was inhibited by SHAM and PrGall, implying JA participated in transmitting signal NO to T-I accumulation. In other words, NO mediated the KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced T-I production through a JA-dependent signaling pathway. The results helped us understand the signal transduction mechanism involved in KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced T-I production and provided helpful information for the production of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> hairy root. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:36:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef4428f8ee904ba5911e18acdee3e3d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:36:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef4428f8ee904ba5911e18acdee3e3d72022-12-22T01:17:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-03-01247122910.3390/molecules24071229molecules24071229Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic AcidJie Zhou0Zi-xin Xu1Hui Sun2Lan-ping Guo3School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaAlthough smoke-isolated karrikins (KAR<sub>1</sub>) could regulate secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, the signal transduction mechanism has not been reported. This study highlights the influence of KAR<sub>1</sub> on tanshinone I (T-I) production in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> and the involved signal molecules. Results showed KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced generation of nitric oxide (NO), jasmonic acid (JA) and T-I in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> hairy root. KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced increase of T-I was suppressed by NO-specific scavenger (cPTIO) and NOS inhibitors (PBITU); JA synthesis inhibitor (SHAM) and JA synthesis inhibitor (PrGall), which indicated that NO and JA play essential roles in KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced T-I. NO inhibitors inhibited KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced generation of NO and JA, suggesting NO was located upstream of JA signal pathway. NO-induced T-I production was inhibited by SHAM and PrGall, implying JA participated in transmitting signal NO to T-I accumulation. In other words, NO mediated the KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced T-I production through a JA-dependent signaling pathway. The results helped us understand the signal transduction mechanism involved in KAR<sub>1</sub>-induced T-I production and provided helpful information for the production of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> hairy root.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1229smoke-isolated karrikins<i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>tanshinone Ijasmonic acidnitric oxide |
| spellingShingle | Jie Zhou Zi-xin Xu Hui Sun Lan-ping Guo Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid Molecules smoke-isolated karrikins <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> tanshinone I jasmonic acid nitric oxide |
| title | Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid |
| title_full | Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid |
| title_fullStr | Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid |
| title_short | Smoke-Isolated Karrikins Stimulated Tanshinones Biosynthesis in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> through Endogenous Nitric Oxide and Jasmonic Acid |
| title_sort | smoke isolated karrikins stimulated tanshinones biosynthesis in i salvia miltiorrhiza i through endogenous nitric oxide and jasmonic acid |
| topic | smoke-isolated karrikins <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> tanshinone I jasmonic acid nitric oxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1229 |
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