Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine
Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies due to the high prevalence of advanced stages of diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of OC tumors contributes to the rapid development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/7/2059 |
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| author | Giulia Spagnol Francesca Sensi Orazio De Tommasi Matteo Marchetti Giulio Bonaldo Livia Xhindoli Marco Noventa Marco Agostini Roberto Tozzi Carlo Saccardi |
| author_facet | Giulia Spagnol Francesca Sensi Orazio De Tommasi Matteo Marchetti Giulio Bonaldo Livia Xhindoli Marco Noventa Marco Agostini Roberto Tozzi Carlo Saccardi |
| author_sort | Giulia Spagnol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies due to the high prevalence of advanced stages of diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of OC tumors contributes to the rapid development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, in order to overcome these problems, targeted therapies have been introduced in various types of tumors, including gynecological cancer. However, the lack of predictive biomarkers showing different clinical benefits limits the effectiveness of these therapies. This requires the development of preclinical models that can replicate the histological and molecular characteristics of OC subtypes. In this scenario, organoids become an important preclinical model for personalized medicine. In fact, patient-derived organoids (PDO) recapture tumor heterogeneity with the possibility of performing drug screening. However, to best reproduce the patient’s characteristics, it is necessary to develop a specific extracellular matrix (ECM) and introduce a tumor microenvironment (TME), which both represent an actual object of study to improve drug screening, particularly when used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy to guide therapeutic decisions. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for the screening of PDOs, ECM, TME, and drugs in the setting of OC, as well as discussing the clinical implications and future perspectives for the research of OC organoids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:41:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef4f20d7064b4f1a87c771a8c46bd6ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:41:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef4f20d7064b4f1a87c771a8c46bd6ac2023-11-17T16:25:29ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-03-01157205910.3390/cancers15072059Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision MedicineGiulia Spagnol0Francesca Sensi1Orazio De Tommasi2Matteo Marchetti3Giulio Bonaldo4Livia Xhindoli5Marco Noventa6Marco Agostini7Roberto Tozzi8Carlo Saccardi9Department of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyFondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35129 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women and Children’s Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, ItalyOvarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies due to the high prevalence of advanced stages of diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of OC tumors contributes to the rapid development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, in order to overcome these problems, targeted therapies have been introduced in various types of tumors, including gynecological cancer. However, the lack of predictive biomarkers showing different clinical benefits limits the effectiveness of these therapies. This requires the development of preclinical models that can replicate the histological and molecular characteristics of OC subtypes. In this scenario, organoids become an important preclinical model for personalized medicine. In fact, patient-derived organoids (PDO) recapture tumor heterogeneity with the possibility of performing drug screening. However, to best reproduce the patient’s characteristics, it is necessary to develop a specific extracellular matrix (ECM) and introduce a tumor microenvironment (TME), which both represent an actual object of study to improve drug screening, particularly when used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy to guide therapeutic decisions. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for the screening of PDOs, ECM, TME, and drugs in the setting of OC, as well as discussing the clinical implications and future perspectives for the research of OC organoids.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/7/2059ovarian cancerorganoidstumor microenvironmentextracellular matrixdrug screening |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Spagnol Francesca Sensi Orazio De Tommasi Matteo Marchetti Giulio Bonaldo Livia Xhindoli Marco Noventa Marco Agostini Roberto Tozzi Carlo Saccardi Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine Cancers ovarian cancer organoids tumor microenvironment extracellular matrix drug screening |
| title | Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine |
| title_full | Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine |
| title_fullStr | Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine |
| title_short | Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine |
| title_sort | patient derived organoids pdos extracellular matrix ecm tumor microenvironment tme and drug screening state of the art and clinical implications of ovarian cancer organoids in the era of precision medicine |
| topic | ovarian cancer organoids tumor microenvironment extracellular matrix drug screening |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/7/2059 |
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