| Summary: | This study aimed to investigate the appearance and frequencies of the Booroola polymorphism of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1b (<i>BMPR1B</i>) gene (<i>FecB</i>) and the Embrapa polymorphism of the growth differentiation factor 9 (<i>GDF9</i>) gene (<i>FecG<sup>E</sup></i>) in sheep in Thailand. A total of 454 crossbred sheep blood samples were collected from four provinces in Thailand during August 2022 to July 2023. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to identify the <i>FecB</i> and <i>FecG<sup>E</sup></i> genotypes. The history of ewe birth types was collected from the owners to analyze the association between fecundity (<i>Fec</i>) genotypes and the history of birth types. The genotypic frequencies of <i>FecB</i> for homozygous genotype (<i>B</i>/<i>B</i>), heterozygous genotype (+/<i>B</i>), and wildtype (+/+) were 0.22%, 1.54%, and 98.24%, respectively. Meanwhile, the genotypic frequencies of <i>FecG<sup>E</sup></i> for homozygous genotype (<i>E</i>/<i>E</i>), heterozygous genotype (+/<i>E</i>), and wildtype (+/+) were 0.00%, 2.42%, and 97.58%, respectively. Furthermore, three ewes exhibited both <i>FecB</i> and <i>FecG<sup>E</sup></i> genotypes. Fisher’s exact test revealed that possession of the <i>FecB</i> genotype was associated with multiple births (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Both <i>FecB</i> and <i>FecG<sup>E</sup></i> mutations were identified in crossbred sheep in Thailand. Sheep containing <i>FecB</i> allele could be alternative candidates to be selected to improve the prolificacy of crossbred sheep in Thailand.
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