| Summary: | Although several studies have described the bacterial community composition associated with marine fish, there is limited information related to seahorses. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that the skin microbiota is useful for determining health status and common disorders in the host. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the skin bacterial community composition in Barbour’s seahorse (<i>Hippocampus barbouri</i>) using high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Water and sediment samples from the surrounding environment were also analyzed for comparative purposes. The results revealed that sequences affiliated with the <i>Shewanellaceae</i> family were dominant in the skin of female Barbour’s seahorses and sediment samples, whereas sequences affiliated with the <i>Bacillaceae</i> family were dominant in the skin of male Barbour’s seahorses. Interestingly, sequences affiliated with the <i>Aeromonas</i> genus were found in the skin of Barbour’s seahorses, whose abundance was slightly similar between the female and male specimens. Further comparative analysis showed that the presence of <i>Aeromonas</i> species in the skin of Barbour’s seahorses was strongly influenced by the surrounding sediment. Given that some <i>Aeromonas</i> species are known to be important pathogens in humans and fish, these results may be used for further research on the dependency of the skin microbial composition on the environment as well as determine whether the presence of <i>Aeromonas</i> and other detected species has implications on seahorse health.
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