<sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat
Meat is a rich source of energy that provides high-value animal protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of carbohydrates. Globally, different types of meats are consumed to fulfill nutritional requirements. However, the increasing burden on the livestock industry has triggered the mixing...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/15/4643 |
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| author | Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar Muneeba Samar Anam Amin Shami Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Hamid Mukhtar Amna Tahir Syed Shahzad-ul-Hussan Safee Ullah Chaudhary Ubedullah Kaka |
| author_facet | Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar Muneeba Samar Anam Amin Shami Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Hamid Mukhtar Amna Tahir Syed Shahzad-ul-Hussan Safee Ullah Chaudhary Ubedullah Kaka |
| author_sort | Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meat is a rich source of energy that provides high-value animal protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of carbohydrates. Globally, different types of meats are consumed to fulfill nutritional requirements. However, the increasing burden on the livestock industry has triggered the mixing of high-price meat species with low-quality/-price meat. This work aimed to differentiate different meat samples on the basis of metabolites. The metabolic difference between various meat samples was investigated through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis approaches like principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In total, 37 metabolites were identified in the gluteal muscle tissues of cow, goat, donkey and chicken using <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy. PCA was found unable to completely differentiate between meat types, whereas OPLS-DA showed an apparent separation and successfully differentiated samples from all four types of meat. Lactate, creatine, choline, acetate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, formate, carnitine, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and α-mannose were found as the major discriminating metabolites between white (chicken) and red meat (chevon, beef and donkey). However, inosine, lactate, uracil, carnosine, format, pyruvate, carnitine, creatine and acetate were found responsible for differentiating chevon, beef and donkey meat. The relative quantification of differentiating metabolites was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Our results showed that NMR-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for the identification of novel signatures (potential biomarkers) to characterize meats from different sources and could potentially be used for quality control purposes in order to differentiate different meat types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:11:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef721572c6ad4907acc92c91da141347 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:11:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef721572c6ad4907acc92c91da1413472023-11-22T06:01:09ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-07-012615464310.3390/molecules26154643<sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey MeatMuhammad Tayyab Akhtar0Muneeba Samar1Anam Amin Shami2Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz3Hamid Mukhtar4Amna Tahir5Syed Shahzad-ul-Hussan6Safee Ullah Chaudhary7Ubedullah Kaka8Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, PakistanInstitute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, PakistanSyed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management and Sciences, Lahore 54792, PakistanSyed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management and Sciences, Lahore 54792, PakistanSyed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management and Sciences, Lahore 54792, PakistanDepartment of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaMeat is a rich source of energy that provides high-value animal protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of carbohydrates. Globally, different types of meats are consumed to fulfill nutritional requirements. However, the increasing burden on the livestock industry has triggered the mixing of high-price meat species with low-quality/-price meat. This work aimed to differentiate different meat samples on the basis of metabolites. The metabolic difference between various meat samples was investigated through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis approaches like principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In total, 37 metabolites were identified in the gluteal muscle tissues of cow, goat, donkey and chicken using <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy. PCA was found unable to completely differentiate between meat types, whereas OPLS-DA showed an apparent separation and successfully differentiated samples from all four types of meat. Lactate, creatine, choline, acetate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, formate, carnitine, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and α-mannose were found as the major discriminating metabolites between white (chicken) and red meat (chevon, beef and donkey). However, inosine, lactate, uracil, carnosine, format, pyruvate, carnitine, creatine and acetate were found responsible for differentiating chevon, beef and donkey meat. The relative quantification of differentiating metabolites was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Our results showed that NMR-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for the identification of novel signatures (potential biomarkers) to characterize meats from different sources and could potentially be used for quality control purposes in order to differentiate different meat types.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/15/4643metabolomicsNMRmultivariate data analysisbiomarkershalal meat |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar Muneeba Samar Anam Amin Shami Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Hamid Mukhtar Amna Tahir Syed Shahzad-ul-Hussan Safee Ullah Chaudhary Ubedullah Kaka <sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat Molecules metabolomics NMR multivariate data analysis biomarkers halal meat |
| title | <sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat |
| title_full | <sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat |
| title_fullStr | <sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat |
| title_full_unstemmed | <sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat |
| title_short | <sup>1</sup>H-NMR-Based Metabolomics: An Integrated Approach for the Detection of the Adulteration in Chicken, Chevon, Beef and Donkey Meat |
| title_sort | sup 1 sup h nmr based metabolomics an integrated approach for the detection of the adulteration in chicken chevon beef and donkey meat |
| topic | metabolomics NMR multivariate data analysis biomarkers halal meat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/15/4643 |
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