Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics
Epoxidation-esterification of fatty acid methyl ester obtained from Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil (TCKO), its characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics were the main focus of this study. The methyl ester obtained via base catalyzed transesterification was used for epoxidation-esterification m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Cleaner Chemical Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200033X |
| _version_ | 1811274550771449856 |
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| author | Chinedu M. Agu Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu Kingsley A. Ani Albert C. Agulanna Solomon O. Iwu-Ejike Ozioma Onyinye Oguegbu Matthew C. Menkiti |
| author_facet | Chinedu M. Agu Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu Kingsley A. Ani Albert C. Agulanna Solomon O. Iwu-Ejike Ozioma Onyinye Oguegbu Matthew C. Menkiti |
| author_sort | Chinedu M. Agu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epoxidation-esterification of fatty acid methyl ester obtained from Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil (TCKO), its characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics were the main focus of this study. The methyl ester obtained via base catalyzed transesterification was used for epoxidation-esterification modification process. Epoxidation kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were also investigated. The properties of the TCKO and epoxidized-esterified Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester (MTCKOe) were determined using standard methods. MTCKOe was analyzed using Dissolved Gas Analysis equipment, so as to determine its constituent gases compositions. The order 10−5Lmol−1s−1 and 39.97 KJ/mol were the respective rate constant K and activation energy Ea, obtained for the epoxidation process. ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS values for the epoxidation process were (136.00–148.82 kJ mol−1), 37.24 kJ mol−1, and −320.64 J mol−1 K−1, respectively, indicating non-spontaneous, endothermic, and endergonic process. The properties of MTCKOe sample were: -8°C, 280°C, 820 Kg/dm3, 8.56 mm2/s, 0.80 mgKOH/g, 0.65 mg/Kg and 50.05 KV for pour point, flash point, density, viscosity, acid value, moisture content and dielectric strength, respectively. The dissolved gas analysis result (in ppm) of the key gases for MTCKOe sample are: <5, 87, 1441, <1, 6, 84, 3, <0.5 for H2, H2O, CO2, CO, C2H4, C2H6, CH4, C2H2, respectively. The characteristics met acceptable standard limits. The MTCKOe properties indicated its possible use as bio-transformer oil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:21:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ef7d0096b97f484882a87f3072c35c34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-7823 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:21:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cleaner Chemical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-ef7d0096b97f484882a87f3072c35c342022-12-22T03:12:31ZengElsevierCleaner Chemical Engineering2772-78232022-09-013100035Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamicsChinedu M. Agu0Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu1Kingsley A. Ani2Albert C. Agulanna3Solomon O. Iwu-Ejike4Ozioma Onyinye Oguegbu5Matthew C. Menkiti6Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Corresponding authors.Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NigeriaChemical Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaMaterials and Energy Technology Department, Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Emene Industrial Area, Enugu, NigeriaMaterials and Energy Technology Department, Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Emene Industrial Area, Enugu, NigeriaChemical Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaChemical Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaEpoxidation-esterification of fatty acid methyl ester obtained from Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil (TCKO), its characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics were the main focus of this study. The methyl ester obtained via base catalyzed transesterification was used for epoxidation-esterification modification process. Epoxidation kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were also investigated. The properties of the TCKO and epoxidized-esterified Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester (MTCKOe) were determined using standard methods. MTCKOe was analyzed using Dissolved Gas Analysis equipment, so as to determine its constituent gases compositions. The order 10−5Lmol−1s−1 and 39.97 KJ/mol were the respective rate constant K and activation energy Ea, obtained for the epoxidation process. ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS values for the epoxidation process were (136.00–148.82 kJ mol−1), 37.24 kJ mol−1, and −320.64 J mol−1 K−1, respectively, indicating non-spontaneous, endothermic, and endergonic process. The properties of MTCKOe sample were: -8°C, 280°C, 820 Kg/dm3, 8.56 mm2/s, 0.80 mgKOH/g, 0.65 mg/Kg and 50.05 KV for pour point, flash point, density, viscosity, acid value, moisture content and dielectric strength, respectively. The dissolved gas analysis result (in ppm) of the key gases for MTCKOe sample are: <5, 87, 1441, <1, 6, 84, 3, <0.5 for H2, H2O, CO2, CO, C2H4, C2H6, CH4, C2H2, respectively. The characteristics met acceptable standard limits. The MTCKOe properties indicated its possible use as bio-transformer oil.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200033XTerminalia catappaTransesterificationEpoxidation-esterificationKineticsThermodynamicsDissolved gas analysis |
| spellingShingle | Chinedu M. Agu Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu Kingsley A. Ani Albert C. Agulanna Solomon O. Iwu-Ejike Ozioma Onyinye Oguegbu Matthew C. Menkiti Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics Cleaner Chemical Engineering Terminalia catappa Transesterification Epoxidation-esterification Kinetics Thermodynamics Dissolved gas analysis |
| title | Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics |
| title_full | Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics |
| title_fullStr | Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics |
| title_short | Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics |
| title_sort | chemical modification of terminalia catappa l kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation esterification approach for application as bio transformer fluid physicochemical characterization kinetics and thermodynamics |
| topic | Terminalia catappa Transesterification Epoxidation-esterification Kinetics Thermodynamics Dissolved gas analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200033X |
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